Effect of Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) as Functional Additive on the Physical Properties of Poly(phenylene ether) (PPE)/PPS Blends
-
D. K. Kim
, K. H. Song und S. S. Hwang
Abstract
In this study, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) was introduced in polyphenylene ether (PPE) blend to improve the processability of PPE and to secure the flame retardancy of the blend without deteriorating physical properties. Through the study of the binary blend of PPE/PPS, it was found that the shear thinning behavior and the external lubrication effect of PPS can improve the processability of PPE. Thermal analysis of the blend showed that the glass transition temperature of the PPS component decreases by the plasticization while that of the PPE component increases by the anti-plasticization effect. The modulus of the binary blend increased with the PPS content, and the tensile strength decreased but followed the additive rule. The change in tensile properties can be explained by the synergy effect of partial miscibility between PPE and PPS due to structural similarity, and non-isotropic morphology formation. Impact strength increased sharply in PPE60 due to the mechanical grafting effect by co-continuous phase formation. In the ternary blend with SEBS-MAH applied to PPE60, the impact strength steep increased at a content of 10 wt% or more due to the dramatic morphology change based on the compatibilization effect. Flame retardancy of V0 was also observed in all compositions where SEBS-MAH was applied within 20 phr.
References
1 Braun, U., Schartel, B., Fichera, M. A. and Jager, C., “Flame Retardancy Mechanisms of Aluminium Phosphinate in Combination with Melamine Polyphosphate and Zinc Borate in Glass-Fibre Reinforced Polyamide 6,6”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 92, 1528–1545 (2007) 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.05.007Suche in Google Scholar
2 Chen, Y., Peng, H., Li, J., Xia, Z. and Tan, H., “A Novel Flame Retardant Containing Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Sulfur: Synthesis and Application in Thermoplastic Polyurethane”, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 115, 1639–1649 (2014) 10.1007/s10973-013-3461-0 Suche in Google Scholar
3 Chiou, K., Wu, S., Wu, H. and Chang, F., “Compatibilization and Elastomer Toughening of Polyamide-6 (PA6)/Poly(phenylene ether) (PPE) Blends”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 74, 23–32 (1999) 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19991003)74:1<23::aid-app3>3.3.co;2-lSuche in Google Scholar
4 Dmuchovsky, B., Vineyard, B. D. and Zienty, F. B., “The Mechanism of the Base-Catalyzed Addition of Thiols to Maleic Anhydride”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 86, 2874–2877 (1964) 10.1021/ja01068a022Suche in Google Scholar
5 Ghidoni, D., Bencini, E. and Nocci, R., “Compatibilizing PPE and PA6 with Nitro-Phthalimide Derivatives”, J. Mater. Sci., 31, 95–101 (1996) 10.1021/ja01068a022Suche in Google Scholar
6 Hay, A. S., “Polymerization by Oxidative Coupling: Discovery and Commercialization of PPO® and Noryl® resins”, J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem., 36, 505–517 (1998) 10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(199803)36:4<505::aid-pola1>3.3.co;2-cSuche in Google Scholar
7 Hong, S. M., Kim, B. C., Kim, K. U. and Chung, I. J., “Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(phenylene sulfide) Containing a Thermotropic Liquid Semi-Crystalline Polyesteramide”, Polym. J., 24, 727–736 (1992) 10.1295/polymj.24.727Suche in Google Scholar
8 Jordhamo, G. M., Manson, J. A. and Sperling, L. H., “Phase Continuity and Inversion in Polymer Blends and Simultaneous Interpenetrating Networks”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 26, 517–524 (1986) 10.1002/pen.760260802Suche in Google Scholar
9 Joshi, J., Lehman, R. L., and Nosker, T. J., “Mechanical Grafting and Morphology Characterization in Immiscible Polymer Blends”, MRS (2004) 10.1557/proc-856-bb10.10Suche in Google Scholar
10 Kim, D. K., Song, K. H., Koo, C. M., Hong, S. M. and ChaeD. W., “Characterization of Compatibilized Blends of Nylon 66/Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether)/High-Impact Polystyrene Filled with Phosphinate-Based Flame Retardants: Mechanical Property, Rheological Behavior, and Flame Retardancy”, J. Fire Sci., 33, 339–357 (2015) 10.1177/0734904115595993Suche in Google Scholar
11 Kim, S., Hong, I. and Lee, S., “Modification of Linear Polyphenylene Sulfide with Functional Elastomers and its Properties”, Polymer (Korea), 37, 399–404 (2013) 10.7317/pk.2013.37.3.399Suche in Google Scholar
12 Kolarik, J., “Simultaneous Prediction of the Modulus and Yield Strength of Binary Polymer Blends”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 36, 2518–2524 (1996) 10.1002/pen.10650Suche in Google Scholar
13 Kubo, K., Masamoto, J., “Dispersion of Poly(phenylene ether) in a Poly(phenylene sulfide)/Poly(phenylene ether) Blend”, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 286, 555–559 (2001) 10.1002/1439–2054(20010901)286:9<555::aid-mame555>3.3.co;2-nSuche in Google Scholar
14 Kubo, K., Masamoto, J., “Microdispersion of Polyphenylene Ether in Polyphenylene Sulfide/Polyphenylene Ether Blend Compatibilized by Styrene-Co-Glycidyl Methacrylate”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 86, 3030–3034 (2002) 10.1002/app.11310Suche in Google Scholar
15 Leclair, A., Favis, B. D., “The Role of Interfacial Contact in Immiscible Binary Polymer Blends and its Influence on Mechanical Properties”, Polymer, 37, 4723–4728 (1996) 10.1016/s0032-3861(96)00319-9Suche in Google Scholar
16 Mark, J. E.: Polymer Data Handbook, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1999)Suche in Google Scholar
17 Pawelec, W., Holappa, A., Tirri, T., Aubert, M., Hoppe, H., Pfaendner, R. and Wilén, C., “Disulfides-Effective Radical Generators for Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 110, 447–456 (2014) 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.09.013Suche in Google Scholar
18 Puskas, J. E., Kwon, Y., Altstädt, V. and Kontopoulou, M., “Blends of Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) with Polystyrene-Based Thermoplastic Rubbers: A Comparative Study”, Polymer, 48, 590–597 (2007) 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.045Suche in Google Scholar
19 Rahate, A. S., Nemade, K. R. and Waghuley, S. A., “Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS): State of the Art and Applications”, Rev. Chem. Eng., 29, 471–489 (2013) 10.1515/revce-2012-0021Suche in Google Scholar
20 Razak, N. C. A., Inuwa, I. M., Hassan, A. and Samsudin, S. A., “Effects of Compatibilizers on Mechanical Properties of PET/PP Blend”, Compos. Interfaces, 20, 507–515 (2013) 10.1080/15685543.2013.811176Suche in Google Scholar
21 Simanke, A. G., Azeredo, A. P., Lemos, C. and Mauler, R. S., “Influence of Nucleating Agent on the Crystallization Kinetics and Morphology of Polypropylene”, Polímeros, 26, 152–160 (2016) 10.1590/0104–1428.2053Suche in Google Scholar
22 Son, Y., Lee, S., “One Step Method for Fabrication of PPO/PA-66/Elastomer Blends”, Polym. Bull., 56, 267–273 (2006) 10.1007/s00289-005-0473-3Suche in Google Scholar
23 Stukalin, E. B., Douglas, J. F. and Freed, K. F., “Plasticization and Antiplasticization of Polymer Melts Diluted by Low Molar Mass Species”, J. Chem. Phys., 132, 084504–1–08454-11 (2010) 20192304 10.1063/1.3304738Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
24 Suparno, M., Dolan, K. D., NG, P. K. W. and Steffe, J. F., “Average Shear Rate in a Twin-Screw Extruder as a Function of Degree of Fill, Flow Behavior Index, Screw Speed and Screw Configuration”, J. Food Process Eng., 34, 961–982 (2011) 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2009.00381.xSuche in Google Scholar
25 Tang, H., Wrobel, L. C. and Fan, Z., “Fluid Flow Aspects of Twin-Screw Extruder Process-Numerical Simulations of TSE Rheomixing”, Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., 11, 771–790 (2003) 10.1088/0965-0393/11/5/305Suche in Google Scholar
26 Thirtha, V., Lehman, R. and Nosker, T., “Glass Transition Effects in Immiscible Polymer Blends”, SPE ANTEC Tech. Papers, 2380–2384 (2005) 10.1557/PROC-856-BB11.12Suche in Google Scholar
27 Viratyaporn, W., Lehman, R. L. and Joshi, J., “Impact Resistance of Selected Immiscible Polymer Blends”, SPE ANTEC Tech Papers, 1843–1847 (2007)Suche in Google Scholar
28 Warren, R. I., “Polyphenylene Ethers and their Alloys”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 25, 477–482 (1985) 10.1002/pen.760250809Suche in Google Scholar
29 Wu, D., Wang, X. and Jin, R., “Effect of Nylon 6 on Fracture Behavior and Morphology of Tough Blends of Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) and Maleated Styrene-Ethylene-Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymer”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 99, 3336–3343 (2006) 10.1002/app.22750Suche in Google Scholar
© 2020, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents
- Contents
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Study of Mechanical and Moisture Absorption Behavior of Epoxy/Cloisite-15A Nanocomposites Processed Using Twin Screw Extruder
- Fabrication of Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVAc) Nanofibers Using DMAC Solvent: Effect of Molecular Weight, Optimization by Taguchi DoE
- Effect of Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) as Functional Additive on the Physical Properties of Poly(phenylene ether) (PPE)/PPS Blends
- Enhanced Dispersion and Mechanical Behavior of Polypropylene Composites Compounded Using Extension-Dominated Extrusion
- The Influence of Melt-Mixing Conditions and State of Dispersion on Crystallisation, Rheology and Mechanical Properties of PCL/Sepiolite Nanocomposites
- Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Indentation of Orthotropic Microplates with Finite Thickness
- Microcellular Thermosetting Polyurethane Foams
- Utilisation of Waste Plantain (Musa Paradisiaca) Peels and Waste Polystyrene in the Development of Reinforced Polymer Composites
- PPS News
- PPS News
- Seikei Kakou Abstracts
- Seikei Kakou Abstracts
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents
- Contents
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Study of Mechanical and Moisture Absorption Behavior of Epoxy/Cloisite-15A Nanocomposites Processed Using Twin Screw Extruder
- Fabrication of Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVAc) Nanofibers Using DMAC Solvent: Effect of Molecular Weight, Optimization by Taguchi DoE
- Effect of Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) as Functional Additive on the Physical Properties of Poly(phenylene ether) (PPE)/PPS Blends
- Enhanced Dispersion and Mechanical Behavior of Polypropylene Composites Compounded Using Extension-Dominated Extrusion
- The Influence of Melt-Mixing Conditions and State of Dispersion on Crystallisation, Rheology and Mechanical Properties of PCL/Sepiolite Nanocomposites
- Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Indentation of Orthotropic Microplates with Finite Thickness
- Microcellular Thermosetting Polyurethane Foams
- Utilisation of Waste Plantain (Musa Paradisiaca) Peels and Waste Polystyrene in the Development of Reinforced Polymer Composites
- PPS News
- PPS News
- Seikei Kakou Abstracts
- Seikei Kakou Abstracts