Process parameters, development and applications of stir cast composite: A review
-
Manish Maurya
, Sudhir Kumar , Vivek Bajpai and Nagendra Kumar Maurya
Abstract
In the current environment, aluminum metal matrix composites are in enormous demand due to notable improvement in mechanical and wear characteristics. Several manufacturing techniques have been developed among which traditional stir casting is preferred due to simple processing techniques other than available methods like compocasting, in situ fabrication, powder metallurgy or friction stir processing. Nanoparticles seem appealing to researchers for manufacturing nanocomposites due to their improved microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties. Parameters like weight or volume fraction, stirrer design, number of blades, stirring speed, stirring time, reinforcement feed rate and melting temperature required to prepare a composite are discussed in great detail. The innovation of this assessment effort lie in the fact that few such review works have been published for the stircasting technique to prepare aluminum metal matrix composites/nano composites reinforced with SiC, TiO2, Al2O3, B4C and TiC.
References
1 M. Maurya , S.Kumar, V.Bajpai: Assessment of the mechanical properties of aluminium metal matrix composite: A review, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composite38 (2019), No. 6, pp. 267–29810.1177/0731684418816379.Search in Google Scholar
2 R. A. Kumar , A. N.Sait, K.Subramanian: Mechanical properties and microstructure of stir casted Al/B4C/garnet composites, Materials Testing59 (2017), No. 4, pp. 338–34310.3139/120.111007.Search in Google Scholar
3 M. Ravichandran , S. D.kumar: Experimental investigations of Al-TiO2-Gr hybrid composites fabricated by stir casting, Materials Testing58 (2016), No. 3, pp. 211–21710.3139/120.110839.Search in Google Scholar
4 D. Ramasamy , M. K.Subramanian, G. V.Kaliyannan, J.Durairaj, R.Rathanasamy, S. K.Palaniappan: Tribo mechanical behavior of B4Cp reinforced Al 359 composites, Materials Testing59 (2017), No. 2, pp. 172–17710.3139/120.110979.Search in Google Scholar
5 S. Magibalan , P.Senthilkumar, C.Senthilkumar, R.Palanivelu, M.Prabu: Microstructure and mechanical properties of fly ash particulate reinforced AA8011 aluminum alloy composites, Materials Testing60 (2018), No. 7-8, pp. 765–77110.3139/120.111211.Search in Google Scholar
6 G. V. Kaliyannan , P. S.Kumar, S. M.Kumar, R.Deivasigamani, R.Rajasekar: Mechanical and tribological behavior of SiC and fly ash reinforced Al 7075 composites compared to SAE 65 bronze, Materials Testing60 (2018), No. 12, pp. 1225–123110.3139/120.111272.Search in Google Scholar
7 S. Magibalan , P.Senthilkumar, C.Senthilkumar, R.Palanivelu, and M.Prabu: Dry sliding behavior of aluminum alloy 8011 with 4 % fly ash, Materials Testing60 (2018), No. 2, pp. 209–21410.3139/120.111126.Search in Google Scholar
8 N. Natarajan , S.Vijayarangan, I.Rajendran: Investigation of Wear in Aluminium Matrix Composite for Automotive Brake Drum Applications Using Statistical Analysis, Science and Engineering of Composite Material15 (2008), pp. 21–3010.1515/SECM.2008.15.1.21.Search in Google Scholar
9 R. K. Bhushan , S.Kumar, S.Das: Effect of machining parameters on surface roughness and tool wear for 7075 Al alloy Sic composite, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology50 (2010), pp. 459–46910.1007/s00170-010-2529-2.Search in Google Scholar
10 S. Gangwar , V.Kukshal, A.Patnaik, T.Singh: Mechanical and fracture toughness behavior of TiO2-filled A384 metal alloy composites. Science and Engineering of Composite Material20 (2013), No. 3, pp. 209–22010.1515/secm-2012-0143.Search in Google Scholar
11 R. N. Marigoudar , K.Sadashivappa: Effect of reinforcement percentage on wear behavior of SiCp reinforced ZA43 alloy metal matrix composites, Science and Engineering of Composite Material20 (2013), No. 4, pp. 311–31710.1515/secm-2013-0024.Search in Google Scholar
12 A. Fink : Conducting research literature reviews: from paper to the internet, https://in.sagepub.com/en-in/sas/conducting-research-literature-reviews/book239509Search in Google Scholar
13 V. Bharath , Nagaral, V.Auradi, S. A.Kori: Preparation of 6061Al-Al2O3 MMC's by stir casting and evaluation of mechanical and wear properties, Procedia Materials6 (2014), pp. 1658–166710.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.151.Search in Google Scholar
14 N. S. Prabhakar , N.Radhika, N.Raghu: Analysis of tribological behavior of aluminium/B4C composite under dry sliding motion, Procedia Engineering97 (2014), pp. 994–100310.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.376.Search in Google Scholar
15 B. V. Ramnath , C.Elanchezhian, M.Jaivignesh, S.Rajesh, C.Parswajinam, A. S. A.Ghias: Evaluation of mechanical properties of aluminum alloy-alumina-boron carbide metal matrix composites, Materials and Design58 (2014), pp. 332–338, 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.01.068.Search in Google Scholar
16 M. S. Raviraj , C. M.Sharanprabhu, G. C.Mohan Kumar: Experimental analysis on processing and properties of Al-TiC metal matrix composite, Procedia Materials Science5 (2014), pp. 2032–203810.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.536.Search in Google Scholar
17 B. Rebba , N.Ramanaiah: Evaluation of mechanical properties of aluminium alloy (Al-2024) reinforced with molybdenum disulphide (MOS2) metal matrix composites, Procedia Materials Science6 (2014), pp. 1161–116910.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.189.Search in Google Scholar
18 A. Canakci , F.Arslan, T.Varol: Physical and mechanical properties of stir-casting processed AA2024/B4Cp composites, Science and Engineering of Composite Material, 21 (2014), No. 4, pp. 505–51510.1515/secm-2013-0118.Search in Google Scholar
19 S. Soltani , R. A.Khoshroshahi, R. T.Mousavian, Z. Y.Jiang, A. F.Boostani, D.Brabazon: Stir casting process for manufacture of Al-SiC composites, Rare Metals36 (2017), No. 7, pp. 581–59010.1007/s12598-015-0565-7.Search in Google Scholar
20 B. Ravi , B. B.Naik, UdayaPrakash: Characterization of aluminum matrix composite (AA 6061/B4C) Fabricated by stir casting technique, Materials Today: Proceedings2 (2015), pp. 2984–299010.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.282.Search in Google Scholar
21 R. Raj , D.Singh, G.Thakur: Qualitative and quantitative assessment of microstructure in Al-B4C metal matrix composite processed by modified stir casting technique, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering16 (2016), pp. 940–96010.1016/j.acme.2016.07.004.Search in Google Scholar
22 J. J. Moses , I.Dinaharan, S. J.Sekhar: Prediction of influence of process parameters on tensile strength of AA 6061/TiC aluminum matrix composites produced using stir casting, Transaction of nonferrous metal Society of China16 (2016), pp. 1498–151110.1016/S1003-6326(16)64256-5.Search in Google Scholar
23 S. L. Joy Yii , N. M.Anas, M. N.Ramdziah, A. S.Anasyida: Microstructural and mechanical properties of Al-20 %Si containing cerium, Procedia Chemistry19 (2016), pp. 304–31010.1016/j.proche.2016.03.015.Search in Google Scholar
24 S. T. Kumaran , M.Uthayakumar, S.Aravindan, SRajesh: Dry sliding wear behavior of SiC and B4C-reinforced AA6351 metal matrix composite produced by stir casting process, Proceedings of the institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications230 (2016), No. 2, pp. 484–49110.1177/1464420715579302.Search in Google Scholar
25 G. Venkatachalam , A.Kumaravel: Fabrication and characterization of A356-basalt ash-fly ash composites processed by stir casting method, Polymers and Polymer Composites25 (2017), No. 3, pp. 209–21310.1177/096739111702500305.Search in Google Scholar
26 N. Ch. Kaushik , Ch.Sri Chaitanya, R. N.Rao: Abrasive grit size effect on wear depth of stir cast hybrid Al-Mg-Si composites at high stress condition, Proceedings of the institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J: J Engineering Tribology232 (2017), No. 6, pp. 672–68410.1177%2F1350650117726182.Search in Google Scholar
27 M. N. Naik , K. D.Reddy, P. V.Ramaiah, B. V.Narayana, G. B.Reddy: Exploration of mechanical behavior and wear behavior of Al4C3 reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites, Materials Today: Proceedings4 (2017), pp. 2989–299810.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.181.Search in Google Scholar
28 V. Mohanavel , K.Rajan, P. V.Senthil, S.Arul: Mechanical behavior of hybrid composite (AA6351+Al2O3+Gr) fabricated by stir casting method, Materials Today: Proceedings4 (2017), pp. 3093–310110.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.192.Search in Google Scholar
29 S. Ghanaraja , K. L.Vinuth Kumar, K. S.Ravikumar, B. M.Madhusudan: Mechanical properties of Al2O3 reinforced cast and hot extruded Al based metal matrix composites, Materials Today: Proceedings4 (2017), pp. 2771–277610.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.155.Search in Google Scholar
30 S. Poria , G.Sutradhara, P.SahooDesign of experiments analysis of friction behavior of Al-TiB2 Composite, Materials Today: Proceedings4 (2017), pp. 2956–296410.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.177.Search in Google Scholar
31 K. Singh , R. S.Rana, AnjanaPandey: Fabrication and mechanical properties characterization of aluminum alloy LM24/B4C composite, Materials Today: Proceedings4 (2017), pp. 701–70810.1016/j.matpr.2017.01.075.Search in Google Scholar
32 V. K. Sharma , R. C.Singh, R.ChaudharyEffect of flyash particles with aluminium melt on the wear of aluminum metal matrix composites, Engineering Science and Technology, An International Journal20 (2017), No. 4, pp. 1318–132310.1016/j.jestch.2017.08.004.Search in Google Scholar
33 K. Ravikumar , K.Kiran, V. S.Sreebalaji: Characterization of mechanical properties of aluminium/tungsten carbide composites, Measurement102 (2017), pp. 142–149, 10.1016/j.measurement.2017.01.045.Search in Google Scholar
34 P. Sharma , K.Paliwal, R. K.Garg, S.Sharma, D.Khanduja: A study on wear behaviour of Al/6101/graphite composites, Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 5 (2017), No. 1, pp. 42–4810.1016/j.jascer.2016.12.007.Search in Google Scholar
35 B. C. Kandpal , J.Kumar, H.Singh: Fabrication and characterization of Al2O3/aluminium alloy 6061 composites fabricated by stir casting, Materials Today: Proceedings4 (2017), pp. 2783–279210.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.157.Search in Google Scholar
36 S. M. Kumar , R.Pramod, H. KGovindaraju: Evaluation of mechanical and wear properties of aluminum AA430 reinforced with SiC and MgO, Materials Today: Proceeding4 (2017), pp. 509–51810.1016/j.matpr.2017.01.051.Search in Google Scholar
37 P. M. Sonawane , M. G.Karnik: Experimental investigation of optimum level of reinforcements within 6061Al alloy for better tribological and mechanical properties, Materials Today: Proceedings4 (2017), pp. 3290–329910.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.215.Search in Google Scholar
38 D. Das , S.Pattanaik, B. C.Routara, P. C.Mishra and C.Samal: Dry sliding wear behaviour of SiCp reinforced Zn-Mg-Cu based aluminium matrix composite, Materials Today: Proceedings4 (2017), pp. 2965–297410.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.178.Search in Google Scholar
39 M. Madhusudhan , G. J.Naveen, KMahesha: Mechanical characterization of AA7068-ZrO2 reinforced metal matrix composites, Materials Today: Proceedings4 (2017), pp. 3122–313010.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.196.Search in Google Scholar
40 R Ilandjezian , SGopalakannan: Tensile fracture & compression failure behavior of enosphere reinforced AA 6061 MMC, Procedia Engineering173 (2017), pp. 1239–124510.1016/j.proeng.2016.12.137.Search in Google Scholar
41 M. K. Akbari , H. RBaharvandi, OMirzaee: Investigation of particle size and reinforcement content on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of A356-Al2O3 composite fabricated by vortex method, Journal of Composite Materials48 (2014), No. 27, pp. 3315–333010.1177/0021998313507618.Search in Google Scholar
42 H. R. Ezatpour , M. T.Parizi, S. ASajjadi: Optimum selection of A356/Al2O3 nano/micro composites fabricated with different conditions based on mathematical method, Proceedings of the institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications231 (2015), No. 4, pp. 373–38110.1177/1464420715598172.Search in Google Scholar
43 K. S. R. Raju , P. R. M.Raju, S.Rajesh, V. R.Raju, P.Ghosal: An experimental and micrographical investigation on aluminum nano metal matrix composites, Journal of Composite Materials50 (2015), No. 26, pp. 3627–364110.1177/0021998315623624.Search in Google Scholar
44 S. Tahamtan , A.Halvaee, M.Emamy, M. S.Zabihi: Fabrication of Al/A206-Al2O3 nano/micro composite by combining ball milling and stir casting technology, Materials and Design49 (2013), pp. 347–35910.1016/j.matdes.2013.01.032.Search in Google Scholar
45 K. Akbari , M.Baharvandi, H. R.Shirvanimoghaddam: Tensile and fracture behavior of nano/micro TiB2 particle reinforced casting A356 aluminum alloy composites, Materials and Design66 (2015), pp. 150–16110.1016/j.matdes.2014.10.048.Search in Google Scholar
46 P. R. M. Raju , S.Rajesh, K. S. R.Raju, V. R.Raju: Effect of reinforcement of nano Al2O3 on mechanical properties of Al2024 NMMCs, Materials Today: Proceedings2 (2015), pp. 3712–371710.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.152.Search in Google Scholar
47 S. Venkatesan , M. A.Xavior: Investigation of Aluminum (Al7050) Metal Matrix composites reinforced with Graphene nano particles using Stir casting process, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research10 (2015), No. 15, pp. 35778–35783, https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/39159401/IJAER_Published_paper.IWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1555141795&Signature=HwbjCQuGZMcbuX%2FfGJZnP4RVnVE%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DIJAER_Published_paper.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
48 M. Sangeetha , S.Prakash, D.Ramya: Wear properties estimation and characterization of coated ceramics with multiwall carbon nano tubes (MWCNT) reinforced in aluminium matrix composites, Materials Today: Proceedings3 (2016), pp. 2537–254610.1016/j.matpr.2016.04.173.Search in Google Scholar
49 K. Amouri , S.Kazemi, A.Momeni, M.Kazazi: Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-nano/micro SiC composites produced by stir casting technique, Materials Science & Engineering A674 (2016), pp. 569–57810.1016/j.msea.2016.08.027.Search in Google Scholar
50 A. Radha , K. R.Vijayakumar: An investigation of mechanical and wear properties of AA6061 reinforced with silicon carbide and graphene nano particles-Particulate composites, Materials Today: Proceedings3 (2016), pp. 2247–225310.1016/j.matpr.2016.04.133.Search in Google Scholar
51 H. R. Ezatpour , M. TorabiParizi, S. A.Sajjadi, G. R.Ebrahimi, A.Chaichi: Microstructure, mechanical analysis and optimal selection of 7075 aluminum alloy based composite reinforced with alumina nanoparticles, Materials Chemistry and Physics178 (2016), pp. 119–12710.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.04.078.Search in Google Scholar
52 S. Divagar , M.VigneshwarS. T.Selvamani: Impacts of Nano Particles on Fatigue Strength of Aluminum Based Metal Matrix Composites for Aerospace, Materials Today: Proceedings3 (2016), pp. 3734–373910.1016/j.matpr.2016.11.021.Search in Google Scholar
53 D. Sameer Kumar , K. N. S.Suman, C. TaraSasanka, K.Ravindra, PalashPoddar, S. B.Venkata: Microstructure, mechanical response and fractography of AZ91E/Al2O3 (p) nano composite fabricated by semi solid stir casting method, Journal of Magnesium and Alloys5 (2017), No. 1, pp. 48–5510.1016/j.jma.2016.11.006.Search in Google Scholar
54 X. G. Qiao , T.Ying, M. Y.Zheng, E. D.Wei, K.Wu, X. S.Hu, W. M.Gan, H. G.Brokmeier, I. S.Golovin: Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of nano-SiCp/AZ91 composite processed by extrusion and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), Materials Characterization121 (2017), pp. 222–23010.1016/j.matchar.2016.10.003.Search in Google Scholar
55 P. S. S. R. Kumar , D. S. R.Smart, S. J.Alexis: Corrosion behaviour of Aluminium metal matrix reinforced with multi-wall carbon nanotube, Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies5 (2017), pp. 71–7510.1016/j.jascer.2017.01.004.Search in Google Scholar
56 R. S. Rana , R.Purohit, P. M.Mishra, P.Sahu, S.Dwivedi: Optimization of mechanical properties of AA 5083 nano SiC composites using design of experiment technique, Materials Today: Proceedings4 (2017), pp. 3882–389010.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.287.Search in Google Scholar
57 N. G. S. Kumar , G. S. S.Shankar, S.Basavarajappa, R.Suresh: Some studies on mechanical and machining characteristics of Al2219/n-B4C/MoS2 nano-hybrid metal matrix composites, Measurement107 (2017), pp. 1–1110.1016/j.measurement.2017.05.003.Search in Google Scholar
58 S. Nallusamya , J.Logeshwaran: Effect on aluminium metal matrix composite reinforced with nano sized silica particles, Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials29 (2017), pp. 25–3410.4028/www.scientific.net/JMNM.29.25.Search in Google Scholar
59 P. R. M. Raju , S.Rajesha, K. S. R.Raju, V. R.Raju: Evaluation of fatigue life of Al2024/Al2O3 particulate nano composite fabricated using stir casting technique, Materials Today: Proceedings4 (2017), pp. 3188–319610.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.204.Search in Google Scholar
60 M. K. Akbari , K. S.Moghaddam, Z.Hai, S.Zhuiykov, H.Khayyam: Nano TiB2 and TiO2 reinforced composites: A comparative investigation on strengthening mechanisms and predicting mechanical properties via neural network modeling, Ceramics International43 (2017), No. 18, pp. 16799–1681010.1016/j.ceramint.2017.09.077.Search in Google Scholar
61 R. Purohit , MMUQureshi, R. S.Rana: The effect of hot forging and heat treatment on wear properties of Al6061-Al2O3 nano composites, Materials Today: Proceedings, 4 (2017), pp. 4042–404810.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.306.Search in Google Scholar
62 G. Pitchayyapillai , P.Seenikannan, P.Balasundar, P.Narayanasamy: Effect of nano-silver on microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of cast 6061 aluminum alloy, Transaction of Nonferrous Metals Society of China27 (2017), pp. 2137–214510.1016/S1003-6326(17)60239-5.Search in Google Scholar
63 N Shivakumar , V.Vasu, N.Narasaiah, S.Kumar: Synthesis and characterization of nano size Al2O3 particle reinforced ZA-27 metal matrix composites, Procedia Materials Science10 (2015), pp. 159–16710.1016/j.mspro.2015.06.037.Search in Google Scholar
64 S. T. Selvamani , S. Premkumar, M.Vigneshwar, P.Hariprasath, K. P.Kumar: Influence of carbon nano tubes on mechanical, metallurgical and tribological behavior of magnesium nano composites, Journal of Magnesium and Alloys5 (2017), No. 3, pp. 326–33510.1016/j.jma.2017.08.006.Search in Google Scholar
65 M. Rashad , F. P. Y.Liu, X.Chen, H. L. R.Pan, M.Asif, J.She: High temperature formability of graphene nanoplatelets-AZ31 composites fabricated by stir-casting method, Journal of Magnesium and Alloys4 (2016), No. 4, pp. 270–27710.1016/j.jma.2016.11.003.Search in Google Scholar
66 Z. Nissar , A.Kazi, M.Safiulla, M.Faisal: Thorough study: In-situ aluminium LM6 metal matrix composites reinforced with iron oxide and MWCNTs, Materials Today: Proceedings4 (2017), pp. 11999–1200610.1016/j.matpr.2017.09.122.Search in Google Scholar
67 A. P. Reddy , P. V.Krishna, R. N.Rao: Two-body abrasive wear behavior of AA6061-2SiC-2Gr hybrid nano composite fabricated through ultrasonically assisted stir casting, Journal of Composite Materials53 (2019), No. 15, pp. 2165–218010.1177%2F0021998318822723.Search in Google Scholar
© 2020, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
Articles in the same Issue
- Inhalt/Contents
- Contents
- Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
- Metallurgical Evaluation and Failure Analysis of Cracking in Wheel Rim SPFH590 Steel
- Fatigue behavior of two notched cutting tool materials – high speed steel and cemented carbide
- Early corrosion stage of welded carbon steel joints in CO2-saturated oilfield water
- Effect of quenching and tempering temperature on the tensile properties of low alloyed boron steel
- Mechanical and microstructural characterization of AA7178-TiB2 composites
- Deformation calibration mode based on the potential drop technique and strain gage measurements
- Process parameter optimization for the magnetic abrasive finishing of SS310s steel
- Structure and properties of a boronized crankshaft coating
- Microstructure and properties of fiber laser welded high strength steel butt joints
- Reusability of metallurgical slag waste in submerged arc welding powder for hardfacing
- Microstructure and thermal properties of Bi-Sn eutectic alloy
- Dry-sliding wear behavior of AISI 4140 barrel steel at elevated temperatures
- Process parameters, development and applications of stir cast composite: A review
- An algebraic-analytic model for the characterization of the frequency domain of photodiodes
- BEZUGSQUELLEN
- Materials Testing
Articles in the same Issue
- Inhalt/Contents
- Contents
- Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
- Metallurgical Evaluation and Failure Analysis of Cracking in Wheel Rim SPFH590 Steel
- Fatigue behavior of two notched cutting tool materials – high speed steel and cemented carbide
- Early corrosion stage of welded carbon steel joints in CO2-saturated oilfield water
- Effect of quenching and tempering temperature on the tensile properties of low alloyed boron steel
- Mechanical and microstructural characterization of AA7178-TiB2 composites
- Deformation calibration mode based on the potential drop technique and strain gage measurements
- Process parameter optimization for the magnetic abrasive finishing of SS310s steel
- Structure and properties of a boronized crankshaft coating
- Microstructure and properties of fiber laser welded high strength steel butt joints
- Reusability of metallurgical slag waste in submerged arc welding powder for hardfacing
- Microstructure and thermal properties of Bi-Sn eutectic alloy
- Dry-sliding wear behavior of AISI 4140 barrel steel at elevated temperatures
- Process parameters, development and applications of stir cast composite: A review
- An algebraic-analytic model for the characterization of the frequency domain of photodiodes
- BEZUGSQUELLEN
- Materials Testing