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Interfacial and physico-mechanical properties of walnut shell fiber reinforced polyester matrix composites

Published/Copyright: November 15, 2018
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Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 60 Issue 5

Abstract

Turkey produces over 200,000 tons of walnut annually as the fourth largest producer in the world. Walnut shells amount to 40–60 % of the total weight, rendering over 100,000 tons of shells per year, mostly as waste. A limited quantity is utilized for fiberboard manufacturing, some as solid fuel or as scrubbing material in the chemical and metal industries. The purpose of this study is to develop low-cost polyester composites with enhanced physico-mechanical properties by using walnut cellulosic fibers as a reinforcement phase for polyester resin. The process not only makes production more economical but also reduces waste. The shells were ground and a detailed characterization of the waste fibers was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, laser diffraction and He gas picnometer techniques. The effects of the filler to matrix ratio as well as chemical treatment of walnut fibers on the physical and mechanical properties of the composite were determined. The composites were characterized by means of measurements for porosity, density, three point bending strength, impact resistance and hardness. The structure-property relationship of developed composites was discussed. Optimum physico-mechanical properties were obtained through a hydrophobic solution treatment of the powder since this provided better processability and enhanced interfacial adhesion.

Kurzfassung

Die Türkei produziert jährlich 200 000 t Walnüsse und ist damit das weltweit viertgrößte Lieferland. Die Schale der Walnuss macht 40 bis 60 % des Gesamtgewichtes aus, was zu einem Gewicht von 100 000 t Schale pro Jahr führt, meistens als Abfall. Eine begrenzte Menge in der Herstellung von Faserbrettern, als Festbrennstoff, als Scheuermaterial in der chemischen und metallverarbeitenden Industrie wird genutzt. Der Zweck der diesem beitrag zugrunde liegenden Studie bestand darin, preiswerte Polyesterkomposite mit hervorragenden physiko-mechanischen Eigenschaften herzustellen, indem Walnuss-Zellulose-Fasern als Verstärkungsphase in das Polyesterharz eingebaut wurden. Dieser Prozess macht die Herstellung nicht nur ökonomisch, sondern reduziert auch die Abfallmenge. Hierzu wurden die Schalen geschliffen und eine detailierte Charakterisierung von Abfallfasern mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, Röntgendiffraktometrie, FTIR, Laserdiffratometrie und Heliumgas-Pyknometer-Techniken durchgeführt. Die Auswirkungen des Verhältnisses zwischen Füllstoff und Matrix und die chemische Behandlung der Walnussfasern wurden bestimmt. Die Komposite wurden anhand der Porösität, der Dichte, der Drei-Punkt-Biegefestigkeit, des Impaktwiderstandes und von Härtemessungen charakterisiert. Es wurde auch das Struktur-Eigenschafts-Verhältnis diskutiert. Obtimalephysiko-mechanischen Eigenschaften ergaben sich unter einer Behandlung der Pulver mit einer hydrophoben Lösung, zumal diese eine bessere Verarbeitbarkeit und eine verbesserte Grenzflächenadhäsion ermöglichte.

*Correspondence Address, Asst. Prof. Dr. Gokhan Acikbas, Metallurgy Program, Vocational School, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey. E-mail:

Assistant Prof. Dr. Gokhan Acikbas, born in 1979, studied Materials Science and Engineering with specialization in characterization of ceramics and polymer matrix composites. He received his B. S., M. S. degrees in Ceramic Engineering from Anadolu University, Eskişehir, and Ph.D. degree in Materials Science and Engineering from Dumlupinar University in Kütahya, Turkey in 2002, 2007 and 2016, respectively. He was with TÜBİTAK Ceramic Research Center from 2003 to 2008 and Eczacıbaşı Vitra Company from 2008 to 2011. Since 2011, he has been working at Bilecik Seyh Edebali University in Bilecik, Turkey.

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Published Online: 2018-11-15
Published in Print: 2018-05-26

© 2018, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Inhalt/Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
  4. Influence of strength and cold forming on liquid metal embrittlement due to hot-dipping of high strength structural steels
  5. Structure and mechanical properties of ADC 12 Al foam–polymer interpenetrating phase composites with epoxy resin or silicone
  6. Induction and conduction thermography: From the basics to automated testing taking into account low and high residual stresses
  7. A case study: Design and manufacture of an eccentric spring fatigue testing device
  8. Effects of process parameters on the quality of PLA products fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM): surface roughness and tensile strength
  9. Corrosion behavior of alloy AA6063-T4 in HCl and NaOH solutions
  10. Validierung der Resonanten Frequenzsweep-Thermografie mittels einer POD-Analyse
  11. Supplementary finite element analysis in experimental testing of total hip stems
  12. Ratcheting testing of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) under multiple-step compression
  13. Design of vehicle parts under impact loading using a multi-objective design approach
  14. Interfacial and physico-mechanical properties of walnut shell fiber reinforced polyester matrix composites
  15. Optimization of surface roughness via the Taguchi method and investigation of energy consumption when milling spheroidal graphite cast iron materials
  16. Gegenüberstellung der induktiv angeregten Shearografie und Thermographie als zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren zur Detektion klebrelevanter Fehler an hochfesten Strukturklebungen und elastischen Dickschichtklebungen
  17. Effects of nano graphene particles on surface roughness and cutting temperature during MQL milling of AISI 430 stainless steel
https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111176

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Inhalt/Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
  4. Influence of strength and cold forming on liquid metal embrittlement due to hot-dipping of high strength structural steels
  5. Structure and mechanical properties of ADC 12 Al foam–polymer interpenetrating phase composites with epoxy resin or silicone
  6. Induction and conduction thermography: From the basics to automated testing taking into account low and high residual stresses
  7. A case study: Design and manufacture of an eccentric spring fatigue testing device
  8. Effects of process parameters on the quality of PLA products fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM): surface roughness and tensile strength
  9. Corrosion behavior of alloy AA6063-T4 in HCl and NaOH solutions
  10. Validierung der Resonanten Frequenzsweep-Thermografie mittels einer POD-Analyse
  11. Supplementary finite element analysis in experimental testing of total hip stems
  12. Ratcheting testing of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) under multiple-step compression
  13. Design of vehicle parts under impact loading using a multi-objective design approach
  14. Interfacial and physico-mechanical properties of walnut shell fiber reinforced polyester matrix composites
  15. Optimization of surface roughness via the Taguchi method and investigation of energy consumption when milling spheroidal graphite cast iron materials
  16. Gegenüberstellung der induktiv angeregten Shearografie und Thermographie als zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren zur Detektion klebrelevanter Fehler an hochfesten Strukturklebungen und elastischen Dickschichtklebungen
  17. Effects of nano graphene particles on surface roughness and cutting temperature during MQL milling of AISI 430 stainless steel
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