Effect of alkaline treatment on physico-mechanical properties of black rice husk ash filled polypropylene biocomposites

Ahmad Adlie Shamsuri; Ahmad Khuzairi Sudari; Edi Syams Zainudin; Mazlina Ghazali

doi:10.3139/120.110718

Article

Effect of alkaline treatment on physico-mechanical properties of black rice husk ash filled polypropylene biocomposites

Ahmad Adlie Shamsuri , Ahmad Khuzairi Sudari , Edi Syams Zainudin and Mazlina Ghazali

Published/Copyright: March 27, 2015

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From the journal Materials Testing Volume 57 Issue 4

Abstract

Alkaline treatment of the black rice husk ash (BRHA) was done by immersing BRHA in 8 % sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solution for 24 hours and then the treated BRHA (TBRHA) was neutralized, washed and dried in an oven. The TBRHA was subsequently compounded with the polypropylene (PP) by using single screw extruder machine, and followed by compression molding at 185 °C. The physical properties results showed that the density and the water absorption behavior of the TBRHA filled PP biocomposite (TBRHA-PP) are higher and lower, respectively, when compared with the untreated BRHA filled PP biocomposites (UBRHA-PP). The melt flow index value of the TBRHA-PP biocomposite is also higher in comparison with the UBRHA-PP biocomposites. The mechanical properties results exhibited that the tensile stress, tensile strain, flexural modulus and impact strength of the TBRHA-PP biocomposite are higher than of the UBRHA-PP biocomposites. However, the tensile modulus of the TBRHA-PP biocomposite is slightly lower as compared with the UBRHA-PP biocomposites. Therefore, it could be concluded that the alkaline treatment of the BRHA has improved some of the physico-mechanical properties of the BRHA filled PP biocomposites.

Kurzfassung

Die Alkali-Behandlung von Hülsenasche von schwarzem Reis (Black Rice Husk Ash –BRHA) wurde mittels Eintauchens in einer Lösung aus 8 % Natronlauge (NaOH) für 24 Stunden durchgeführt und danach die behandelte Asche (Treated BRHA – TBRHA) neutralisiert, gewaschen und in einem Ofen getrocknet. Anschließend wurde die TBRHA mit dem Polypropylen (PP) verbunden, indem eine Einfachschrauben-Extrudermaschine verwendet wurde, gefolgt von Formpressen bei 185 °C. Die Ergebnisse in Form der physikalischen Eigenschaften zeigten, dass die Dichte und das Wasserabsorptionsverhalten des mit TBRHA gefüllten PP-Biokomposite (TBRHA filled PP – TBRHA-PP) höher bzw. niedriger waren, wenn sie mit dem unbehandelten mit BRHA gefüllten PP-Biokompositen (BRHA filled PP – UBRHA-PP) verglichen werden. Der Wert des Schmelzflussindexes der TBRHA-PP- Biokomposite ist auch höher im Vergleich mit den UBRHA-PP-Biokompositen. Die Ergebnisse der mechanischen Eigenschaften ergaben, dass die Zugspannung, die Zugdehnung, der Flexibilitätsmodul und die Schlagfestigkeit der TBRHA-PP-Biokomposite höher als die der UBRHA-PP-Biokomposite war. Allerdings ist der Zugmodul der TBRHA-PP-Biokomposite geringfügig niedriger im Vergleich mit den UBRHA-PP-Biokompositen. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, dass die Alkalibehandlung der BRHA einige der physikalisch-mechanischen Eigenschaften der mit BRHA gefüllten PP-Biokompositen verbessert.

§Correspondence Address, Dr. Ahmad Adlie Shamsuri, Senior Research Officer, Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, E-mail: adlie@upm.edu.my

Dr. Ahmad Adlie Shamsuri received his BSc (Hons) in Chemistry from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in 2006, his MSc (Chemistry) in 2009 and PhD (Chemistry) in 2015 also from UKM. His career began as a research officer at the Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), in 2008, dealing with numerous research projects funded by UPM and government agencies. Later, he was promoted to Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia in 2013. His areas of research include polymer blends, polymer composites and ionic liquids. He has about 10 years of experience in research and development. So far, he has published more than 20 ISI journal papers, he is also a reviewer of several high impact ISI journals.

Ahmad Khuzairi Sudari graduated from University of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET) with BEng Tech (Hons) in Chemical Engineering Technology (Polymer) in 2013. He is currently pursuing master studies for aMSc (Biocomposites Technology) at Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. His research is funded by the Exploratory Research Grant Scheme by Ministry of Education Malaysia.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Edi Syams Zainudin obtained his BEng (Hons) in Mechanical and Materials Engineering from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in 1998. He gained his MSc (Structural Materials) in 2002 and his PhD (Engineering Materials) at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) in 2009. He is currently Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering of the Faculty of Engineering, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. He is also a member of Persatuan Industri Komposit (PIK) and The Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE). His area of expertise is material sciences, specifically in composite materials. His research projects are funded by UPM and several government agencies. To this date, his publication list includes more than 100 ISI journal papers and he is also a reviewer for numerous high impact ISI journals.

Mazlina Ghazali obtained her BSc (Hons) (Polymer Science and Technology) in 1999 and her MSc (Polymer Science and Technology) from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, in 2012. She is an assistant lecturer in the Department of Polymer Technology at University of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL Campus Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia) since 2005. Her research areas are rubber and plastic technology.

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Published Online: 2015-03-27

Published in Print: 2015-04-01

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https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110718