Characterization of CuO/YSZ High Temperature Electrolysis Cathode Material Fabricated by High Energy Ball-Milling: 900 °C Reduced by Hydrogen Exposure*

Sungkyu Lee; Hyun Seon Hong; Mi-Jai Lee; Sang-Kuk Woo

doi:10.3139/120.110522

Artikel

Characterization of CuO/YSZ High Temperature Electrolysis Cathode Material Fabricated by High Energy Ball-Milling: 900 °C Reduced by Hydrogen Exposure*

Sungkyu Lee , Hyun Seon Hong , Mi-Jai Lee und Sang-Kuk Woo

Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 1. Oktober 2014

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Abstract

As a more economical cathode material than conventional Ni/YSZ cermet for high temperature electrolysis (HTE) cell, CuO/YSZ composites (40 vol.-% and 60 vol.-% CuO powder with balance YSZ) were successfully fabricated by high energy ball-milling of CuO and YSZ powders, pressing into pellets (Φ 13 mm × 2 mm) and subjecting them to a subsequent reduction-sintering process at 900 °C under purging with a 5 % H₂/Ar gas. The Cu/YSZ cermet material thus fabricated was characterized using various analytical methods such as XRD, SEM, and laser diffraction as well as scattering method. Electrical conductivity of reduction-sintered Cu/YSZ cermet pellets thus fabricated was measured both at room temperature and temperature range between 600 °C and 800 °C by using the 4-probe technique for comparison with those of previously published literature conductivity data of Ni/YSZ and Cu/YSZ cermets produced by the same high-energy ball milling of blended elemental metal with YSZ powders. The effect of composite composition on the electrical conductivity was investigated and a slight decrease in electrical conductivity for CuO content of 60 vol.-% was explained by a greater porosity accompanying reduction-sintering of 60 vol.-% CuO/YSZ composite than that with 40 vol.-%. Lastly, CuO/YSZ was used as a HTE cathode of a self-supporting planar unit cell and its electrochemical performance was investigated.

Kurzfassung

Als ein kostengünstiges Kathodenmaterial im Vergleich zu konventionellem Ni/YSZ- Cermet für die Hochtemperaturelektrolyse-Zelle (HTE) wurden CuO/YSZ-Komposite (40 vol.-% bzw. 60 vol.-% CuO-Pulver, Rest YSZ) erfolgreich mittels des Hochenergie-Kuglelmahlprozesses von CuO- und YSZ-Pulvern hergestellt. Diese werden in Pellets (Φ 13 mm × 2 mm) gepresst und nachfolgend einem Reduktionssinterprozess bei 900 °C unter 5 % H₂/Ar-Gasspülung unterzogen. Das so hergestellte Cu/YSZ-Cermet-Material wurde mittels verschiedener analytischer Methoden, wie XRD, SEM sowie Laserdiffraktometrie und –streuung charakterisiert. Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit der so hergestellten reduktionsgesinterten Cu/YSZ-Cermetpellets wurde sowohl bei Raumtemperatur als auch im Temperaturbereich zwischen 600 °C und 800 °C gemessen, wobei die Vierprobentechnik angewendet wurde, um einen Vergleich zu bisher veröffentlichten Leitfähigkeitsdaten von Ni/YSZ- und Cu/YSZ-Cermets aus der Literatur zu ermöglichen, die mittels desselben Hochenergie-Kugelmahlprozesses von gemischten elementaren Metallen und YSZ-Pulvern hergestellt wurden. Die Auswirkungen der Komposit-Zusammensetzung auf die elektrische Leitfähigkeit wurde untersucht und eine leichte Abnahme in der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit für einen CuO-Gehalt von 60 vol.-% mit einer größeren Porösität erklärt, die das Reduktionssintern von 60 vol.-% CuO/YSZ stärker begleitet als beim 40 vol.-% Material. Schließlich wurde das CuO/YS-Material als eine HTE-Kathode einer selbstunterstützenden, planaren Einheitszelle verwendet und ihre elektrochemische Performanz untersucht.

Sungkyu Lee, born 1959, received his BSc at the Hanyang University of Seoul, Korea, in 1982. He graduated as MS and PhD in Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, U.S.A., in 1991 and 1994, respectively. Now he is working as principal engineer at the Advanced Materials and Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.

Hyun Seon Hong, born 1968, received his BSc, MS, and PhD in Materials Engineering at the Hanyang University of Seoul, Korea, in 1991, 1994, and 1998, respectively. Now he is working as center leader of the Advanced Materials and Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.

Mi-Jai Lee, born 1967, received her BSc and MS in Ceramic Engineering at Myongji University, Korea, in 1989 and 1991, respectively. Her PhD was conferred in Materials Science and Engineering at the Myongji University, Korea, in 2009. Now she is working as principal researcher of the Optic & Electronic Ceramics Division, Electronic & Optic Materials Center, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, Gasan-dong, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, Korea.

Sang-Kuk Woo, born 1954, received his BSc in Ceramic Engineering at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, in 1978. His MS and PhD degrees were coferred in Materials Science and Engineering and Inorganic Materials Engineering, respectively, at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Korea, in 1987 and 1994, respectively. Now he is working as principal researcher of the Convergence Energy Materials Re0search Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Yuseog-gu, Daejeon, Korea.

* Work leading to this manuscript was performed at Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE) and all legal claims for the research belong to the IAE.

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Published Online: 2014-10-01

Published in Print: 2014-01-02

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