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Synthesis and Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Amide Groups

  • Zheng Zhu , Xiaohao Lu , Liangliang Lin , Hujun Xu und Haiyan Gao
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 8. Juli 2020
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
Aus der Zeitschrift Tenside Surfactants Detergents Band 57 Heft 4

Abstract

In the present study, a series of gemini surfactants with amide group (abbreviated as (m = 12–16, n = 1, 2)) were synthesized. Complementary characterizations of their structure by spectroscopic methods such as IR, 1H-NMR, MS, and investigations of their properties such as measurements of the conductivity, the surface tension, the foaming and the emulsifying capacity were performed. The results showed that almost all products had a Krafft point below 0°C, except the C16–(EO)–E–C16 surfactant. Furthermore, the equilibrium surface tension (γCMC) of the synthesized Gemini surfactants at the CMC was determined. For C12-(EO)-E-C12 it is 41.0 mNm–1, for C14-(EO)-E-C14 43.8 mNm–1, for C16-(EO)-E-C16 46.7 mNm–1 and for C12-(EO)2-E-C12 41.9 mNm–1. The addition of the inorganic salt NaBr could significantly increase their surface activities. In addition, the thermodynamics of the micelle formation between 25°C–45°C was investigated. The results indicated that the micellization process was spontaneous. Finally, the obtained Gemini surfactants proved to be good emulsifiers, while their foaming properties were influenced by the self-coiling of the associated long alkyl tails.

Kurzfassung

In der vorliegenden Studie wurde eine Reihe von Gemini-Tensiden mit Amidgruppen (abgekürzt als Cm–(EO)n–E–Cm (m = 12–16, n = 1, 2)) synthetisiert. Ergänzende Charakterisierungen zu ihrer Struktur mittels spektroskopischer Methoden wie z.B. IR, 1H-NMR, MS, und zur Untersuchung ihrer Eigenschaften wie z.B. Messungen der Leitfähigkeit, der Oberflächenspannung, des Schaum- und Emulgiervermögens wurden durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass fast alle Produkte einen Krafft-Punkt unterhalb von 0°C hatten, mit Ausnahme des Tensids C16–(EO)–E–C16. Des Weiteren wurde die Gleichgewichts-Oberflächenspannung (γCMC) der synthetisierten Gemini-Tensiden bei der CMC bestimmt. Für C12–(EO)–E–C12 beträgt sie 41,0 mNm–1, für C14–(EO)–E–C14 43,8 mNm–1, für C16–(EO)–E–C16 46,7 mNm–1 und für C12–(EO)2–E–C12 41,9 mNm–1. Die Zugabe eines anorganischen Salzes (NaBr) konnte ihre Oberflächenaktivitäten signifikant erhöhen. Darüber hinaus wurde die Thermodynamik der Mizellenbildung zwischen 25°C–45°C untersucht. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass es sich bei der Mizellisierung um einen spontanen Prozess handelt. Schließlich erwiesen sich die erhaltenen Gemini-Tenside als gute Emulgatoren, während ihr Schaumvermögen aufgrund der Eigenverknäulung ihr langen Alkylkettenschwänze beeinflusst wurde.

Key words: Cationic Gemini surfactant; surface activities; thermodynamic parameters; performance properties
Stichwörter: Kationisches Gemini-Tensid; Oberflächenaktivitäten; thermodynamische Parameter; Leistungseigenschaften
∗ Correspondence address Mrs Prof. Haiyan Gao School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, 214122 Wuxi, P.R. China, E-Mail:

Zheng Zhu: postgraduate. School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China. E-Mail:

Xiaohao Lu: postgraduate. School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China. E-Mail:

Liangliang Lin: Associate professor, he has published several papers in internationally renowned chemical journals such as AIChE Journal, Chemical Engineering Science, and Chemical Engineering Journal. School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China. E-Mail:

Hujun Xu: Associate professor, he received his Ph.D. degree in 2005 from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, P.R. China. He has been involved in surfactants and detergents for over 30 years. He has published over 70 papers in the field of surfactants and detergents. School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China. E-Mail:

Haiyan Gao: Associate professor, she received a doctorate in science from the Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2003. Research direction is physical chemistry, synthesis and application of chemicals. School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China. E-Mail:

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Received: 2019-05-27
Accepted: 2019-09-19
Published Online: 2020-07-08
Published in Print: 2020-07-15

© 2020, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Novel Surfactants
  4. The Effects of the Glucose-Based Cationic-Nonionic Surfactant with Ag-SiO2 Nanocomposites on Interfacial and Foam Ability Properties
  5. Synthesis and Properties of Alkyl Polyglycoside Polyoxypropylene Ethers
  6. Surface Properties and Adsorption Behavior of Alkyl Glycoside Tartarate
  7. Micellar Catalysis
  8. Trivalent Ruthenium and Iridium Salt: Excellent Homogeneous Catalysts for Cyclic Alcohol Oxidation in Micellar Media
  9. Application
  10. Preparation and Release Properties of Cationic Flavor Microcapsules with Tetradecyl Allyldimethyl Ammonium Bromide (TADAB) as Main Shell Material
  11. Synthesis, Characterization, Flocculation and Antistatic Properties of Poly(Methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl Ammonium Chloride)
  12. Physical Chemistry
  13. Removal of Toxic Eosin Y Dye from Water Samples by Cloud Point Extraction using Triton X-114 as Nonionic Surfactant
  14. Synthesis
  15. Synthesis and Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Amide Groups
  16. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Acyl Glycine, Alanine, Valine, and Leucine Derived from Vegetable Oils and Beef Tallow
https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110690
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Cationic Gemini surfactant; surface activities; thermodynamic parameters; performance properties

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Novel Surfactants
  4. The Effects of the Glucose-Based Cationic-Nonionic Surfactant with Ag-SiO2 Nanocomposites on Interfacial and Foam Ability Properties
  5. Synthesis and Properties of Alkyl Polyglycoside Polyoxypropylene Ethers
  6. Surface Properties and Adsorption Behavior of Alkyl Glycoside Tartarate
  7. Micellar Catalysis
  8. Trivalent Ruthenium and Iridium Salt: Excellent Homogeneous Catalysts for Cyclic Alcohol Oxidation in Micellar Media
  9. Application
  10. Preparation and Release Properties of Cationic Flavor Microcapsules with Tetradecyl Allyldimethyl Ammonium Bromide (TADAB) as Main Shell Material
  11. Synthesis, Characterization, Flocculation and Antistatic Properties of Poly(Methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl Ammonium Chloride)
  12. Physical Chemistry
  13. Removal of Toxic Eosin Y Dye from Water Samples by Cloud Point Extraction using Triton X-114 as Nonionic Surfactant
  14. Synthesis
  15. Synthesis and Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Amide Groups
  16. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Acyl Glycine, Alanine, Valine, and Leucine Derived from Vegetable Oils and Beef Tallow
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