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Influence of Surfactants on the Performance of Calcium Phosphate Scale Inhibitors

  • Z. Amjad
Published/Copyright: April 5, 2013
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 48 Issue 1

Abstract

The pH-stat technique was used to study the influence of various types of surfactants on the performance of polymers used as inhibitors for preventing the precipitation of calcium phosphate in industrial water systems. Four types of surfactants were evaluated: 1) anionic, 2) non-ionic, 3) amphoteric, and 4) cationic. The polymeric inhibitors studied include homo-, co-, and terpolymers containing different functional groups such as carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, ester, and amide. It has been found that polymer dosage and polymer architecture play important roles in inhibiting calcium phosphate precipitation. The results on the evaluation of surfactants reveal that all surfactants are ineffective calcium phosphate inhibitors. Comparative inhibition data collected for various calcium phosphate inhibiting polymers in the presence surfactants containing different ionic charges are presented. Results are also discussed on the influence of cationic polymeric flocculant in preventing the precipitation of calcium phosphate by anionic polymeric inhibitors.

Kurzfassung

Die pH-stat-Technik wurde eingesetzt, um den Einfluss von unterschiedlichen Arten von Tensiden auf die Wirkung von Polymeren zu studieren, die als Inhibitoren für die Ablagerung von Kalziumphosphat in industriellen Wassersystemen genutzt werden. Vier Arten von Tensiden wurden untersucht: 1) anionische, 2) nicht-ionische, 3) amphotere und 4) kationische. Die untersuchten Polymerinhibitoren umfassen Homo-, Co- und Terpoymere mit verschiedenen funktionellen Gruppen wie Carboxylsäuren, Sulfonsäuren, Ester und Amide. Es wurde beobachtet, dass die Dosierung und die Struktur der Polymere eine wichtige Rolle bei der Vermeidung der Calciumphosphat-Ausfällung spielt. Es zeigt sich auch, dass alle Tenside nicht wirksame Kalziumphosphat-Inhibitoren sind. Es werden Ergebnisse präsentiert, die bei Zugabe von Tensiden mit unterschiedlichen ionischen Ladungen für verschiedene Polymere als Kalziumphosphat-Inhibitoren ermittelt wurden. Die Ergebnisse werden auch diskutiert, ob kationische polymere Flockungsmittel die Ausfällung von Calciumphosphat in Gegenwart von anionischen Polymerinhibitoren beeinflussen können.

Key words:: Calcium phosphate; precipitation; inhibitors; surfactants
Stichwörter:: Calciumphosphat; Ausfällung; Inhibitoren; Tenside
∗ Dr. Zahid Amjad, Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Walsh University, 2020 E. Maple Street, North Canton, Ohio 44720. E-Mail:

Zahid Amjad, Ph.D., has over 30 years experience in the water treatment, membrane processes, household, personal care, and pharmaceutical fields. He has published over 150 technical papers and is holder of 30 US patents. Dr. Amjad has edited six books and has presented papers at national and international conferences. Dr. Amjad is a member of several professional societies and is a recipient of Association of Water Technologies 2002 Ray Baum Memorial Water Technologist of the year award. His current research interests include development and applications of water soluble polymers, inhibition of mineral scale formation, and water purification. Dr. Amjad is the founder and president of Aqua Science and Technology LLC. He currently provides technical and marketing consultation to water treatment, separation processes, and related fields. Dr. Amjad is also a Visiting Professor in Chemistry at Walsh University, North Canton, Ohio. He may be contacted at

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Received: 2010-07-30
Published Online: 2013-04-05
Published in Print: 2011-01-01

© 2011, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

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https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110104
Keywords for this article
Calcium phosphate; precipitation; inhibitors; surfactants

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Abstracts
  4. Abstracts
  5. Editorial
  6. Rückblick auf zwei erfolgreiche Jahre 2009/2010
  7. Application
  8. Surface Activity and Adsorption Properties of New Perfluorinated Carbohydrate Surfactants
  9. Novel Surfactants
  10. Study of Glycerol Residue as a Carbon Source for Production of Rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145)
  11. Study of CLSI-M44-A Disk Diffusion Method for Determining the Susceptibility of Candida Species against Novel Complexes Derived from Copper Stearate with 2-Amino Benzothiazoles
  12. European Detergents Conference
  13. Bicontinuous Microemulsion as Reaction Medium for ω-Transaminase Catalysed Biotransformations
  14. Physical Chemistry
  15. SAXS Study on Azithromycin Loaded Nonionic Microemulsions
  16. Effects of Alkaline Cations on Self-assembly of Cetylpyridinium Surfactants
  17. Influence of Surfactants on Release of Chlorhexidine from Hydrogels
  18. Environmental Chemistry
  19. Influence of Surfactants on the Performance of Calcium Phosphate Scale Inhibitors
  20. Technical Chemistry
  21. Preparation and Characterization of a Phosphorous Free and Non-Nitrogen Antiscalant in Industrial Cooling Systems
  22. Preparation and Characterization of Pillared Derivatives from δ-Layered Sodium Disilicate and their Tribological Properties in Liquid Paraffin
  23. Synthesis
  24. An Efficient and Mild Procedure for the Preparation of Aldonic Acids via Oxidation of D-Sucrose by Employing N-Bromophthalimide Oxidant and Micellar System
  25. Synthesis and Properties of Some N-Acylethylenediamine Triacetic Acid Chelating Surfactants
  26. Conference and Meeting Report
  27. Sixth European Detergents Conference Report
  28. GDCh-Intensive Course Surfactants: Detergents, Cosmetics, Technical Applications
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