Fuels obtained by thermal cracking of individual and mixed polymers
-
Božena Mlynková
,
Martin Bajus
Abstract
Utilization of oils/waxes obtained from thermal cracking of individual LDPE (low density polyethylene), HDPE (high density polyethylene), LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), or cracking of mixed polymers PP/LDPE (1: 1 mass ratio), HDPE/LDPE/PP (1: 1: 1 mass ratio), HDPE/LDPE/LLDPE/PP (1: 1: 1: 1 mass ratio) for the production of automotive gasolines and diesel fuels is overviewed. Thermal cracking was carried out in a batch reactor at 450°C in the presence of nitrogen. The principal process products, gaseous and liquid hydrocarbon fractions, are similar to the refinery cracking products. Liquid cracking products are unstable due to the olefins content and their chemical composition and their properties strongly depend on the feed composition. Naphtha and diesel fractions were hydrogenated over a Pd/C catalyst. Bromine numbers of hydrogenated fractions decreased to values from 0.02 g to 6.9 g of Br2 per 100 g of the sample. Research octane numbers (RON) before the hydrogenation of naphtha fractions were in the range from 80.5 to 93.4. After the hydrogenation of naphtha fractions, RON decreased to values from 61.0 to 93.6. Diesel indexes (DI) for diesel fractions were in the range from 73.7 to 75.6. After the hydrogenation of diesel fractions, DI increased up to 104.9.
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© 2009 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Articles in the same Issue
- Immobilization of urease in poly(1-vinyl imidazole)/poly(acrylic acid) network
- Anodic reactions of sulphate in molten salts
- Fuels obtained by thermal cracking of individual and mixed polymers
- Synthesis, structure, and solvent-extraction properties of tridentate oxime ligands and their cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II) complexes
- Properties of a poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer membrane
- Influence of tungsten sources on the synthesis and properties of ammonium dioxothiotungstate
- A Raman spectroscopy study on differently deposited DLC layers in pulse arc system
- 1,7′-dimethyl-2′-propyl-1H,3′H-2,5′-bibenzo[d]imidazole as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1 M HCl
- The role of acidity profile in the nanotubular growth of polyaniline
- Direct sulfenylation of acetone with benzothiazolesulfenamides to benzothiazolylthio-substituted alkylaminopropene: synthesis and application
- Substituted pyridopyrimidinones. Part 5. Behavior of 2-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidine-3-carbaldehyde in nucleophilic condensation reactions
- Lidocaine hydrochloride preparations with ionic and non-ionic polymers assessed at standard and increased skin surface temperatures
- Phase separation in non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 solutions in the presence of phenol
- Phase formation in sodium dodecylsulfate solutions in the presence of salicylic acid for preconcentration purposes
- Numerical properties of equations involving high-order derivatives of pressure with respect to volume
- Synthesis and characterization of conducting copolymer of (N 1,N 3-bis(thiophene-3-ylmethylene)benzene-1,3-diamine-co-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
- Intercalation of non-aromatic heterocyclic amines into layered zirconium glycine-N,N-dimethylphosphonate
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Articles in the same Issue
- Immobilization of urease in poly(1-vinyl imidazole)/poly(acrylic acid) network
- Anodic reactions of sulphate in molten salts
- Fuels obtained by thermal cracking of individual and mixed polymers
- Synthesis, structure, and solvent-extraction properties of tridentate oxime ligands and their cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II) complexes
- Properties of a poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer membrane
- Influence of tungsten sources on the synthesis and properties of ammonium dioxothiotungstate
- A Raman spectroscopy study on differently deposited DLC layers in pulse arc system
- 1,7′-dimethyl-2′-propyl-1H,3′H-2,5′-bibenzo[d]imidazole as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1 M HCl
- The role of acidity profile in the nanotubular growth of polyaniline
- Direct sulfenylation of acetone with benzothiazolesulfenamides to benzothiazolylthio-substituted alkylaminopropene: synthesis and application
- Substituted pyridopyrimidinones. Part 5. Behavior of 2-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidine-3-carbaldehyde in nucleophilic condensation reactions
- Lidocaine hydrochloride preparations with ionic and non-ionic polymers assessed at standard and increased skin surface temperatures
- Phase separation in non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 solutions in the presence of phenol
- Phase formation in sodium dodecylsulfate solutions in the presence of salicylic acid for preconcentration purposes
- Numerical properties of equations involving high-order derivatives of pressure with respect to volume
- Synthesis and characterization of conducting copolymer of (N 1,N 3-bis(thiophene-3-ylmethylene)benzene-1,3-diamine-co-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
- Intercalation of non-aromatic heterocyclic amines into layered zirconium glycine-N,N-dimethylphosphonate
- Kinetics of catalytic Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction of aldehydes and ketones using boron triethoxide
