Startseite Naturwissenschaften Experimental study of apatite-fluid interaction and partitioning of rare earth elements at 150 and 250 °C
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Experimental study of apatite-fluid interaction and partitioning of rare earth elements at 150 and 250 °C

  • J. Caleb Chappell , Alexander P. Gysi , Thomas Monecke und Zhaoshan Chang
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 27. Juli 2023
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 108 Heft 8

Abstract

Apatite is a common accessory phase in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Its stability in magmatic-hydrothermal and hydrothermal systems is known to be a key control on the mobility of rare earth elements (REE). To better constrain how apatite is altered during fluid-rock interaction at comparably low temperatures, batch-type apatite dissolution experiments were conducted at 150 and 250 °C at saturated water vapor pressure in acidic to mildly acidic (pH of 2–4) aqueous fluids having variable salinities (0, 0.5, and 5 wt% NaCl). The study reveals the dominance of apatite dissolution textures with the formation of micrometer-scale etch pits and dissolution channels developing prominently along the c-axis of the apatite crystals. Backscattered electron imaging shows an increase in apatite dissolution with increasing temperature and upon reacting the crystals with more acidic and higher salinity starting fluids. This study also demonstrates an increase in dissolved REE in the experimental fluids corroborating with the observed apatite dissolution behavior. Backscattered electron imaging of secondary minerals formed during apatite dissolution and scanning electron microscopy-based energy dispersive spectrometry peaks for Ca, P, and REE support the formation of monazite-(Ce) and minor secondary apatite as deduced from fluid chemistry (i.e., dissolved P and REE concentrations). The studied apatite reaction textures and chemistry of the reacted fluids both indicate that the mobility of REE is controlled by the dissolution of apatite coupled with precipitation of monazite-(Ce), which are enhanced by the addition of NaCl in the starting fluids. This coupled process can be traced by comparing the REE to P ratios in the reacted fluids with the stoichiometry of the unreacted apatite crystals. Apatite metasomatized at temperatures <300 °C is therefore controlled by dissolution rather than dissolution-reprecipitation reactions commonly observed in previous experiments conducted above 300 °C. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the presence of NaCl plays a crucial role in increasing the solubility of apatite, which controls the availability of REE to form secondary phosphates even in mildly acidic aqueous fluids. This implies that both the effects of acidity/alkalinity of the fluids and the role of dissolved alkalis (NaCl and KCl), need to be considered for understanding the controls on REE in magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Lastly, the experiments of this study expand the known conditions at which apatite is susceptible to be overprinted by hydrothermal alteration from 900 °C down to 150 °C and highlights the necessity of appropriately screening apatite grains using backscattered electron and cathodoluminescence imaging for signs of hydrothermal alteration textures in igneous apatite.

Keywords: Apatite; monazite; REE mobility; dissolution-precipitation; metasomatism; hydrothermal fluids; experiments; Experimental Halogens in Honor of Jim Webster

Funding statement: This project was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation to A.P.G. (NSF CAREER grant EAR-2039674). Acquisition of the SEM-CL detector used in this study was supported by the National Science Foundation to T.M. (NSF grant 1822197).

Acknowledgments

We are grateful for the constructive comments by Justin Casaus and an anonymous reviewer. We thank Associate Editor D. Harlov for handling this manuscript. We are honored to participate in this special issue for Jim Webster, and extend our deepest respect for his contributions to science. We thank K. Challis and J. Ranville for help provided during ICP-MS analyses and K. Pfaff for assistance during SEM imaging.

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Received: 2022-05-12
Accepted: 2022-09-20
Published Online: 2023-07-27
Published in Print: 2023-08-28

© 2023 by Mineralogical Society of America

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Experimental study of apatite-fluid interaction and partitioning of rare earth elements at 150 and 250 °C
  2. Assimilation of xenocrystic apatite in peraluminous granitic magmas
  3. Cathodoluminescence of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides
  4. The effect of elemental diffusion on the application of olivine-composition-based magmatic thermometry, oxybarometry, and hygrometry: A case study of olivine phenocrysts from the Jiagedaqi basalts, northeast China
  5. Characterization of nano-minerals and nanoparticles in supergene rare earth element mineralization related to chemical weathering of granites
  6. Atomic-scale interlayer friction of gibbsite is lower than brucite due to interactions of hydroxyls
  7. The spatial and temporal evolution of mineral discoveries and their impact on mineral rarity
  8. The role of parent lithology in nanoscale clay-mineral transformations in a subtropical monsoonal climate
  9. Discovery of terrestrial andreyivanovite, FeCrP, and the effect of Cr and V substitution on the low-pressure barringerite-allabogdanite transition
  10. Microstructural changes and Pb mobility during the zircon to reidite transformation: Implications for planetary impact chronology
  11. Thermal equation of state of ice-VII revisited by single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  12. Empirical electronic polarizabilities for use in refractive index measurements at 589.3 nm: Hydroxyl polarizabilities
  13. High-pressure behavior of 3.65 Å phase: Insights from Raman spectroscopy
  14. High-pressure phase transition and equation of state of hydrous Al-bearing silica
  15. Memorial of Maryellen Cameron (1943−2022)
  16. New Mineral Names
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8589
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Apatite; monazite; REE mobility; dissolution-precipitation; metasomatism; hydrothermal fluids; experiments; Experimental Halogens in Honor of Jim Webster

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Experimental study of apatite-fluid interaction and partitioning of rare earth elements at 150 and 250 °C
  2. Assimilation of xenocrystic apatite in peraluminous granitic magmas
  3. Cathodoluminescence of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides
  4. The effect of elemental diffusion on the application of olivine-composition-based magmatic thermometry, oxybarometry, and hygrometry: A case study of olivine phenocrysts from the Jiagedaqi basalts, northeast China
  5. Characterization of nano-minerals and nanoparticles in supergene rare earth element mineralization related to chemical weathering of granites
  6. Atomic-scale interlayer friction of gibbsite is lower than brucite due to interactions of hydroxyls
  7. The spatial and temporal evolution of mineral discoveries and their impact on mineral rarity
  8. The role of parent lithology in nanoscale clay-mineral transformations in a subtropical monsoonal climate
  9. Discovery of terrestrial andreyivanovite, FeCrP, and the effect of Cr and V substitution on the low-pressure barringerite-allabogdanite transition
  10. Microstructural changes and Pb mobility during the zircon to reidite transformation: Implications for planetary impact chronology
  11. Thermal equation of state of ice-VII revisited by single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  12. Empirical electronic polarizabilities for use in refractive index measurements at 589.3 nm: Hydroxyl polarizabilities
  13. High-pressure behavior of 3.65 Å phase: Insights from Raman spectroscopy
  14. High-pressure phase transition and equation of state of hydrous Al-bearing silica
  15. Memorial of Maryellen Cameron (1943−2022)
  16. New Mineral Names
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