Metal source and hydrothermal evolution of the Jiaoxi quartz vein-type tungsten deposit (Tibet): Insights from textural and compositional variations of wolframite and scheelite
-
Yong Wang
, Chuankai He , Juxing Tang , Jan Marten Huizenga , Liqiang Wang and Xinghai Lang
Abstract
We evaluate the controlling factors of hydrothermal wolframite and scheelite precipitation in the quartz vein-type Jiaoxi tungsten deposit situated in the western part of the Lhasa terrane (Tibet, China) using texture, major and trace element mineral geochemistry, and sulfur stable isotope geochemistry. Pyrite and chalcopyrite that are intergrown with Fe-enriched wolframite and siderite, have distinct in situ S isotope compositions (δ34SV-CDT) of −31.38 to +1.77‰, and +2.07 to +2.30‰, respectively. Major and trace element contents and in situ S isotope compositions of pyrite and chalcopyrite indicate that the hydrothermal evolution involved fluid-fluid mixing and greisenization. We report evidence for an early magmatic fluid, which is characterized by the enrichment of W, Mn, Zr, Ti, Sc, and Sn and depletion of Fe. This magmatic fluid was diluted by meteoric water and interacted with biotite monzogranite porphyry to leach Fe, Mg, and Zn into the system to form wolframites with variable Fe/(Fe+Mn) ratios ranging between 0.06–0.84. The late Fe-enriched magmatic fluid released from the muscovite granite mixed with meteoric water that leached minor Fe and S from shale to form late shale-hosted wolframite with a Fe/(Fe+Mn) mass ratio of >0.75 and coeval siderite and sulfides. This study highlights that multiple Fe sources were present in the system, including muscovite granite-released Fe through fluid exsolution, biotite monzogranite porphyry-released Fe during greisenization, and minor Fe released from the shale as a result of meteoric water leaching.
Acknowledgments and Funding
This study was financially supported by a grant from the National Key Research & Development Program of China (2021YFC2900100), the Opening Foundation of MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment (grant number: ZS2101), the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2020JDJQ0042), and the Scientific Research Fund of the China Central Non-Commercial Institute (SYSCR2019-03). We would like to thank Danzhen Wangxiu and Lishen for their assistance in the field, Liu Mu, Chen Hongfang, and Hu Yi for analytical assistance, and Huang Huiqing for his assistance in data processing. This manuscript greatly benefitted from constructive reviews by Julie Michaud and Iuliu Bobos. Finally, we would like to thank the associate editor Paul Tomascak for his detailed editorial comments.
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Articles in the same Issue
- On the origin of fluorine-poor apatite in chondrite parent bodies
- Fluorine behavior during experimental muscovite dehydration melting and natural partitioning between micas: Implications for the petrogenesis of peraluminous leucogranites and pegmatites
- Telescoped boiling and cooling mechanisms triggered hydrothermal stibnite precipitation: Insights from the world’s largest antimony deposit in Xikuangshan China
- MSA Distinguished Lecturer Series Correlations between cathodoluminescence intensity and aluminum concentration in low-temperature hydrothermal quartz
- Behavior of hydrogen defect and framework of Fe-bearing wadsleyite and ringwoodite at high temperature and high pressure
- What is mineral informatics?
- Metal source and hydrothermal evolution of the Jiaoxi quartz vein-type tungsten deposit (Tibet): Insights from textural and compositional variations of wolframite and scheelite
- Geochemical processes and mechanisms for cesium enrichment in a hot-spring system
- Identifying xenocrystic tourmaline in Himalayan leucogranites
- Contrasting alteration textures and geochemistry of allanite from uranium-fertile and barren granites: Insights into granite-related U and ion-adsorption REE mineralization
- Feiite: Synthesis, stability, and implications for its formation conditions in nature
- Thermal equation of state of Fe3O4 magnetite up to 16 GPa and 1100 K
- UHP eclogite from western Dabie records evidence of polycyclic burial during continental subduction
- CO2 quantification in silicate glasses using μ-ATR FTIR spectroscopy
- Local structure determination of Zn-smectite
- A new UHP unit in the Western Alps: First occurrence of coesite from the Monviso Massif (Italy)
- Mineral evolution and mineral niches of ammonium sulfates: The case of Pastora mine, Aliseda, Spain
- Discrete late Jurassic Sn mineralizing events in the Xianghualing Ore District, South China: Constraints from cassiterite and garnet U-Pb geochronology
- Ryabchikovite, CuMg(Si2O6), a new pyroxene group mineral, and some genetic features of natural anhydrous copper silicates
Articles in the same Issue
- On the origin of fluorine-poor apatite in chondrite parent bodies
- Fluorine behavior during experimental muscovite dehydration melting and natural partitioning between micas: Implications for the petrogenesis of peraluminous leucogranites and pegmatites
- Telescoped boiling and cooling mechanisms triggered hydrothermal stibnite precipitation: Insights from the world’s largest antimony deposit in Xikuangshan China
- MSA Distinguished Lecturer Series Correlations between cathodoluminescence intensity and aluminum concentration in low-temperature hydrothermal quartz
- Behavior of hydrogen defect and framework of Fe-bearing wadsleyite and ringwoodite at high temperature and high pressure
- What is mineral informatics?
- Metal source and hydrothermal evolution of the Jiaoxi quartz vein-type tungsten deposit (Tibet): Insights from textural and compositional variations of wolframite and scheelite
- Geochemical processes and mechanisms for cesium enrichment in a hot-spring system
- Identifying xenocrystic tourmaline in Himalayan leucogranites
- Contrasting alteration textures and geochemistry of allanite from uranium-fertile and barren granites: Insights into granite-related U and ion-adsorption REE mineralization
- Feiite: Synthesis, stability, and implications for its formation conditions in nature
- Thermal equation of state of Fe3O4 magnetite up to 16 GPa and 1100 K
- UHP eclogite from western Dabie records evidence of polycyclic burial during continental subduction
- CO2 quantification in silicate glasses using μ-ATR FTIR spectroscopy
- Local structure determination of Zn-smectite
- A new UHP unit in the Western Alps: First occurrence of coesite from the Monviso Massif (Italy)
- Mineral evolution and mineral niches of ammonium sulfates: The case of Pastora mine, Aliseda, Spain
- Discrete late Jurassic Sn mineralizing events in the Xianghualing Ore District, South China: Constraints from cassiterite and garnet U-Pb geochronology
- Ryabchikovite, CuMg(Si2O6), a new pyroxene group mineral, and some genetic features of natural anhydrous copper silicates