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Expanding the speciation of terrestrial molybdenum: Discovery of polekhovskyite, MoNiP2, and insights into the sources of Mo-phosphides in the Dead Sea Transform area

  • Sergey N. Britvin , Mikhail N. Murashko , Oleg S. Vereshchagin ORCID logo , Yevgeny Vapnik , Vladimir V. Shilovskikh ORCID logo , Natalia S. Vlasenko and Vitalii V. Permyakov
Published/Copyright: December 1, 2022
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 107 Issue 12

Abstract

Polekhovskyite, MoNiP2, is the first terrestrial Mo phosphide, a phosphorus-rich homolog of meteoritic monipite, MoNiP. The mineral represents a novel phosphide type of terrestrial Mo speciation. It was discovered among phosphide assemblages in pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Formation (the Mottled Zone) in Israel, the area confined to the Dead Sea Transform fault system. Polekhovskyite occurs in the altered diopside microbreccia, as micrometer-sized euhedral crystals intimately intergrown with murashkoite, FeP and transjordanite, Ni2P, in association with Si-rich fluorapatite, hematite, and magnetite. In reflected light, the mineral has a bluish-gray color with no observable bireflectance and anisotropy. Chemical composition (electron microprobe, wt%): Mo 44.10, Ni 22.73, Fe 4.60, P 29.02, total 100.45, which corresponds to the empirical formula Mo0.99(Ni0.83Fe0.18)1.01P2.01 and leads to the calculated density of 6.626 g/cm. Polekhovskyite is hexagonal, space group P63/mmc, a = 3.330(1), c = 11.227(4) Å, V = 107.82(8) Å3, and Z = 2. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to R1 = 0.0431 based on 50 unique observed reflections. The occurrence of Mo-bearing phosphides at the Dead Sea Transform area is a regional-scale phenomenon, with the localities tracked across both Israel and Jordan sides of the Dead Sea. The possible sources of Mo required for the formation of Mo-bearing phosphides are herein reviewed; they are likely related to the processes of formation of the Dead Sea Transform fault system. The problem of anthropogenic contamination of geological samples with Mo and Ni is also discussed in the paper in the context of the general aspects of discrimination between natural and technogenic ultra-reduced phases.

Keywords: Molybdenum; phosphide; pyrometamorphism; meteorite; carbonaceous chondrite; Ca-Al-rich inclusions; Dead Sea Rift; anthropogenic contamination

Acknowledgments and Funding

The authors are indebted to the referees, Robert Hazen and Chris Ballhaus, for the linguistic support, helpful comments, and suggestions, and to Fabrizio Nestola for editorial handling of the manuscript. This work was carried out with financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, grant 18-17-00079. The instrumental resources were provided by the Centre for X‑ray Diffraction Studies and Geomodel Resource Center of Saint Petersburg State University.

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Received: 2021-08-19
Accepted: 2021-11-27
Published Online: 2022-12-01
Published in Print: 2022-12-16

© 2022 Mineralogical Society of America

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Oxidation of arcs and mantle wedges: It’s not all about iron and water
  2. Paragenesis of Li minerals in the Nanyangshan rare-metal pegmatite, Northern China: Toward a generalized sequence of Li crystallization in Li-Cs-Ta-type granitic pegmatites
  3. The new mineral tomiolloite, Al12(Te4+O3)5[(SO3)0.5(SO4)0.5](OH)24: A unique microporous tellurite structure
  4. Authigenic anatase nanoparticles as a proxy for sedimentary environment and porewater pH
  5. Color effects of Cu nanoparticles in Cu-bearing plagioclase feldspars
  6. Expanding the speciation of terrestrial molybdenum: Discovery of polekhovskyite, MoNiP2, and insights into the sources of Mo-phosphides in the Dead Sea Transform area
  7. Sound speed and refractive index of amorphous CaSiO3 upon pressure cycling to 40 GPa
  8. Calorimetric study of skutterudite (CoAs2.92) and heazlewoodite (Ni3S2)
  9. Melting phase equilibrium relations in the MgSiO3-SiO2 system under high pressures
  10. Effects of hydrostaticity and Mn-substitution on dolomite stability at high pressure
  11. Crystallization of bastnäsite and burbankite from carbonatite melt in the system La(CO3)F-CaCO3-Na2CO3 at 100 MPa
  12. Crystal shapes, triglyphs, and twins in minerals: The case of pyrite
  13. Nanostructure reveals REE mineral crystallization mechanisms in granites from a heavy REE deposit, South China
  14. Paratobermorite, Ca4(Al0.5Si0.5)2Si4O16(OH)·2H2O·(Ca·3H2O), a new tobermorite-supergroup mineral with a novel topological type of the microporous crystal structure
  15. Morphological and chemical characterization of secondary carbonates in the Toki granite, central Japan, and the evolution of fluid chemistry
  16. Characteristics and formation of corundum within syenite in the Yushishan rare metal deposits in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
  17. Hydrogen solubility in FeSi alloy phases at high pressures and temperatures
  18. First evidence of dmisteinbergite (CaAl2Si2O8 polymorph) in high-grade metamorphic rocks
  19. New Mineral Names
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8261
Keywords for this article
Molybdenum; phosphide; pyrometamorphism; meteorite; carbonaceous chondrite; Ca-Al-rich inclusions; Dead Sea Rift; anthropogenic contamination

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Oxidation of arcs and mantle wedges: It’s not all about iron and water
  2. Paragenesis of Li minerals in the Nanyangshan rare-metal pegmatite, Northern China: Toward a generalized sequence of Li crystallization in Li-Cs-Ta-type granitic pegmatites
  3. The new mineral tomiolloite, Al12(Te4+O3)5[(SO3)0.5(SO4)0.5](OH)24: A unique microporous tellurite structure
  4. Authigenic anatase nanoparticles as a proxy for sedimentary environment and porewater pH
  5. Color effects of Cu nanoparticles in Cu-bearing plagioclase feldspars
  6. Expanding the speciation of terrestrial molybdenum: Discovery of polekhovskyite, MoNiP2, and insights into the sources of Mo-phosphides in the Dead Sea Transform area
  7. Sound speed and refractive index of amorphous CaSiO3 upon pressure cycling to 40 GPa
  8. Calorimetric study of skutterudite (CoAs2.92) and heazlewoodite (Ni3S2)
  9. Melting phase equilibrium relations in the MgSiO3-SiO2 system under high pressures
  10. Effects of hydrostaticity and Mn-substitution on dolomite stability at high pressure
  11. Crystallization of bastnäsite and burbankite from carbonatite melt in the system La(CO3)F-CaCO3-Na2CO3 at 100 MPa
  12. Crystal shapes, triglyphs, and twins in minerals: The case of pyrite
  13. Nanostructure reveals REE mineral crystallization mechanisms in granites from a heavy REE deposit, South China
  14. Paratobermorite, Ca4(Al0.5Si0.5)2Si4O16(OH)·2H2O·(Ca·3H2O), a new tobermorite-supergroup mineral with a novel topological type of the microporous crystal structure
  15. Morphological and chemical characterization of secondary carbonates in the Toki granite, central Japan, and the evolution of fluid chemistry
  16. Characteristics and formation of corundum within syenite in the Yushishan rare metal deposits in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
  17. Hydrogen solubility in FeSi alloy phases at high pressures and temperatures
  18. First evidence of dmisteinbergite (CaAl2Si2O8 polymorph) in high-grade metamorphic rocks
  19. New Mineral Names
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