Influence of intensive parameters and assemblies on friction evolution during piston-cylinder experiments
-
Pierre Condamine
and
Yves Marrocchi
Abstract
Piston-cylinder assemblies exhibit inhomogeneous pressure distributions and biases compared to the theoretical pressure applied to the hydraulic press because of the thermal and mechanical properties of the assembly components. Whereas these effects can partially be corrected by conventional calibration, systematic quantification of friction values remain very sparse and results vary greatly among previous studies. We performed an experimental study to investigate the behavior of the most common cell assemblies, i.e., talc [Mg3Si4O10(OH)2], NaCl, and BaCO3, during piston-cylinder experiments to estimate the effects of pressure, temperature, run duration, assembly size, and assembly materials on friction values. Our study demonstrates that friction decreases with time and also partially depends on temperature but does not depend on pressure. We determined that friction decreases from 24 to 17% as temperature increases from 900 to 1300 °C when using talc cells, indicating a friction decrease of ~2% per 100 °C increase for 24 h experiments. In contrast, friction becomes independent of time above 1300 °C. Moreover, at a fixed temperature of 900 °C, friction decreases from 29% in 6 h runs to 21% in 48 h runs, corresponding to a decrease of friction of 0.2% per hour. Similar results obtained with NaCl cell assemblies suggest that friction is constant within error, from 8% in 9 h runs to 5% in 24 h runs. At 900 °C, possible steady-state friction values are only reached after at least 48 h, indicating that friction should be considered a variable for shorter experiments. We establish that assembly materials (and their associated thermomechanical properties) influence the friction correction more than the dimensions of the assembly parts. Finally, we show that the use of polytetrafluoroethylene film instead of conventional Pb foil does not modify friction but significantly reduces the force required for sample extraction, thus increasing the lifetime of the carbide core, which in turn enhances experimental reproducibility.
Funding statement: This study was mainly financed by l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche through grant ANR INDIGO (ANR-14-CE33-0011). C. Dalou and E. Füri were supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 715028). B. Charlier is a Research Associate of the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS. A. Triantafyllou was supported by the FRS-FNRS for the PROBARC project (Grant CR no. 1. B. 414.20F). This is CRPG contribution no. 2747.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Fred Davis and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews, as well as Kate Kiseeva and Don Baker for their editorial handling. We thank M.-C. Caumon for technical assistance with Raman analyses and P. Baillot for his technical expertise in the laboratory. We also thank K. Koga and F. Faure for fruitful discussions. P.C. thanks C. McCammon for fundamental advice when building the piston-cylinder laboratory at CRPG.
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- The interplay between twinning and cation inversion in MgAl2O4-spinel: Implications for a nebular thermochronometer
- The effect of fluorine on reaction-rim growth dynamics in the ternary CaO-MgO-SiO2 system
- Seeing through metamorphic overprints in Archean granulites: Combined high-resolution thermometry and phase equilibrium modeling of the Lewisian Complex, Scotland
- Interphase misorientation as a tool to study metamorphic reactions and crystallization in geological materials
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- Helvine-danalite mineralogy of the Dulong Sn-Zn polymetallic deposit in southeast Yunnan, China
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- First find of merrillite, Ca3(PO4)2, in a terrestrial environment as an inclusion in lower-mantle diamond
- New Mineral Names: Hydrous Minerals
- Book Review
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