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Experimental constraints on the partial melting of sediment-metasomatized lithospheric mantle in subduction zones

  • Yanfei Zhang ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Xuran Liang , Chao Wang , Zhenmin Jin , Lüyun Zhu and Wei Gan
Published/Copyright: August 11, 2020
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 105 Issue 8

Abstract

Sedimentary diapirs can be relaminated to the base of the lithosphere during slab subduction, where they can interact with the ambient lithospheric mantle to form variably metasomatized zones. Here, high-pressure experiments in sediment-harzburgite systems were conducted at 1.5–2.5 GPa and 800–1300 °C to investigate the interaction between relaminated sediment diapirs and lithospheric mantle. Two end-member processes of mixed experiments and layered (reaction) experiments were explored. In the first end-member, sediment and harzburgite powders were mixed to a homogeneous proportion (1:3), whereas in the second, the two powders were juxtaposed as separate layers. In the first series of experiments, the run products were mainly composed of olivine + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + phlogopite in subsolidus experiments, while the phase assemblages were then replaced by olivine + orthopyroxene + melt (or trace phlogopite) in supersolidus experiments. Basaltic and foiditic melts were observed in all supersolidus mixed experiments (~44–52 wt% SiO2 at 1.5 GPa, ~35–43 wt% SiO2 at 2.5 GPa). In the phlogopite-rich experiment (PC431, 1.5 GPa and 1100 °C), the formed melts had low alkali contents (~<2 wt%) and K2O/Na2O ratios (~0.4–1.1). In contrast, the quenched melt in phlogopite-free/poor experiments showed relatively higher alkali contents (~4–8 wt%) and K2O/Na2O ratios (~2–5). Therefore, the stability of phlogopite could control the bulk K2O and K2O/Na2O ratios of magmas derived from the sediment-metasomatized lithospheric mantle. In layered experiments, a reaction zone dominated by clinopyroxene + amphibole (or orthopyroxene) was formed because of the reaction between harzburgite and bottom sediment-derived melts (~62.5–67 wt% SiO2). The total alkali contents and K2O/Na2O ratios of the formed melts were about 6–8 wt% and 1.5–3, respectively. Experimentally formed melts from both mixed and reaction experiments were rich in large ion lithosphile elements and displayed similar patterns with natural potassium-rich arc lavas from oceanic subduction zones (i.e., Mexican, Sunda, Central American, and Aleutian). The experimental results demonstrated that bulk sediment diapirs, in addition to sediment melt, may be another possible mechanism to transfer material from a subducting slab to an upper mantle wedge or lithospheric mantle. On the other hand, the breakdown of phlogopite may play an important role in the mantle source that produces potassiumrich arc lavas in subduction zones.

Keywords: Bulk sediment; lithosphere; partial melting; potassium-rich arc lava

Acknowledgments and Funding

We thank Jihao Zhu and Wei Li for technical support during EPMA analyses. We acknowledge the use of EPMA in the Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration. We thank Junlong Yang, Zhenjiang Wang, Xiangfa Wang, Juan Wang, Xingdong Zhou, and Zhonghang Wang for technical support during high-pressure experiments and SEM analyses. We are grateful to Fred Davis, Ananya Mallik, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments. Editorial handling by Don R. Baker and Sylvie Demouchy is greatly appreciated. This research was supported by the National Programme on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction (GASI-GEOGE-02), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41772040, 91858104).

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Received: 2019-12-12
Accepted: 2020-01-22
Published Online: 2020-08-11
Published in Print: 2020-08-26

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7403
Keywords for this article
Bulk sediment; lithosphere; partial melting; potassium-rich arc lava

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