Metamorphic amphiboles in the Ironwood Iron-Formation, Gogebic Iron Range, Wisconsin: Implications for potential resource development

References cited

Allen, E.M., Alexander, B.H., MacLehose, R.F., Ramachandran, G., and Mandel, J.H. (2014) Mortality experience among Minnesota taconite mining industry workers. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 71, 744–749. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2013-10200010.1136/oemed-2013-102000Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Allen, E.M., Alexander, B.H., MacLehose, R.F., Nelson, H.H., Ramachandran, G., and Mandel, J.H. (2015a) Cancer incidence among Minnesota taconite mining industry workers. Annals of Epidemiology, 25, 811–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.08.00310.1016/j.annepidem.2015.08.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Allen, E.M., Alexander, B.H., MacLehose, R.F., Nelson, H.H., Ryan, A.D., Ramachandran, G., and Mandel, J.H. (2015b) Occupational exposures and lung cancer risk among Minnesota taconite mining workers. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 72, 633–639. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2015-10282510.1136/oemed-2015-102825Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Berndt, M.E., and Brice, W.C. (2008) The origins of public concern with taconite and human health: Reserve Mining and the asbestos case. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 52, S31–S39.10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.09.019Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Berry, G., and Gibbs, G.W. (2008) An overview of the risk of lung cancer in relation to exposure to asbestos and of taconite miners. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 52, S218–S222.10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.09.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Bonnichsen, B. (1969) Metamorphic pyroxenes and amphiboles in the Biwabik Iron-Formation, Dunka River Area, Minnesota. In J.J. Papike, Ed., Pyroxenes and Amphiboles: Crystal Chemistry and Phase Petrology, 2, 217–239. Mineralogical Society of America Special Papers, Chantilly, Virginia. http://www.minsocam.org/msa/OpenAccess_Publications/MSA_Special_Papers/MSA_SP_2/MSA_SP_2.html)Search in Google Scholar

Bonnichsen, B. (1975) Geology of the Biwabik Formation, Dunka River Area, Minnesota. Economic Geology, 70, 319–340.10.2113/gsecongeo.70.2.319Search in Google Scholar

Brunner, W.M., Williams, A.N., and Bender, A.P. (2008) Investigation of exposures to commercial asbestos in northeastern Minnesota iron miners who developed mesothelioma. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 52, S116–S120.10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.09.014Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Campbell, W.J., Blake, R.L., Brown, L.L., Cather, E.E., and Sjoberj, J.J. (1977) Selected silicate minerals and their asbestiform varieties: Mineralogical definitions and identification-characterization. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Information Circular 8751, 55 p.Search in Google Scholar

Cannon, W.F., Peterman, Z.E., and Sims, P.K. (1993) Crustal-scale thrusting and origin of the Montreal River Monocline, a 35-km-thick cross section of the Midcontinent Rift in northern Wisconsin and Michigan. Tectonics, 12, 3, 728–744.10.1029/93TC00204Search in Google Scholar

Cannon, W.F., Woodruff, L.G., Nicholson, S.W., and Hedgman, C.A. (1996) Bedrock geologic map of the Ashland and the northern part of the Ironwood 30′ × 60′ quadrangles, Wisconsin, and Michigan. U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-2566.10.3133/ofr99546Search in Google Scholar

Cannon, W.F., LaBerge, G.L., Klasner, J.S., and Schulz, K.J. (2007) The Gogebic iron range—A sample of the northern margin of the Penokean fold and thrust belt. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1730, 44 p.10.3133/pp1730Search in Google Scholar

Evans, K. (2000) Methods for assessing mine site rehabilitation design for erosion impact. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 38, 231–248.10.1071/SR99036Search in Google Scholar

French, B.M. (1968) Progressive contact metamorphism of the Biwabik Iron-Formation, Mesabi Range, Minnesota. Minnesota Geological Survey Bulletin, 45, 103 p.Search in Google Scholar

French, B.M. (1973) Mineral assemblages in diagenetic and low-grade metamorphic iron-formation. Economic Geology, 68, 1063–1075.10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1063Search in Google Scholar

Frost, B.R. (1979) Metamorphism of Iron-Formation: Parageneses in the system Fe-Si-C-O-H. Economic Geology, 74, 775–785.10.2113/gsecongeo.74.4.775Search in Google Scholar

Frost, C.D., von Blanckenburg, F., Schoenberg, R., Frost, B.R., and Swapp, S.M. (2007) Preservation of Fe isotope heterogeneities during diagenesis and metamorphism of banded iron formation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 153, 211–235.10.1007/s00410-006-0141-0Search in Google Scholar

Gamble, J.F., and Gibbs, G.W. (2008) An evaluation of the risks of lung cancer and mesothelioma from exposure to amphibole cleavage fragments. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 52, S154–S186.10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.09.020Search in Google Scholar

Gibbs, G.W., and Berry, G. (2008) Mesothelioma and asbestos. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 52, S223–S231.10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.10.003Search in Google Scholar

Green, C.J. (2017) Origin, distribution, morphology, and chemistry of amphiboles in the Ironwood Iron-Formation, Gogebic Iron Range, Wisconsin, USA. M.Sc. thesis, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 42 p.10.1130/abs/2016AM-283354Search in Google Scholar

Green, C.J., Seal, R.R. II, Cannon, W.F., Piatak, N.M., and McAleer, R.J. (2019) Chemistry, morphology, modal mineralogy, and photomicrographs of amphiboles and other minerals in the Ironwood Iron-Formation, Gogebic Iron Range, Wisconsin, USA (ver. 2.0, April 2019). U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P84B41Search in Google Scholar

Gundersen, J.N., and Schwartz, G.M. (1962) The geology of the metamorphosed Biwabik iron-formation, Eastern Mesabi district, Minnesota. Minnesota Geological Survey Bulletin, 43, 139 p.Search in Google Scholar

Hawthorne, F.C., Oberti, R., Harlow, G.E., Maresch, W.V., Martin, R.F., Schumacher, J.C., and Welch, M.D. (2012) IMA report, nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup. American Mineralogist, 97, 2031–2048.10.2138/am.2012.4276Search in Google Scholar

Hotchkiss, W.O. (1919) Geology of the Gogebic range and its relation to recent mining developments. Engineering and Mining Journal, 108, p. 443–452, 501–507, 537–541, and 577–582.Search in Google Scholar

International Organization for Standardization (1995) ISO 10312:1995, Ambient Air—Determination of Asbestos Fibres—Direct-Transfer Transmission Electron Microscopy Method. https://www.iso.org/standard/18358.htmlSearch in Google Scholar

Irving, R.D., and Van Hise, C.R. (1892) The Penokee iron-bearing series of Michigan and Wisconsin. U.S. Geological Survey Monograph 19, 534 p.Search in Google Scholar

James, H.L. (1955) Zones of regional metamorphism in the Precambrian of northern Michigan. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 66, 1455–1488.10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[1455:ZORMIT]2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Katsuta, N., Shimizu, I., Helmstaedt, H., Takano, M., Kawakami, S., Kumazawa, M., and Brown, M. (2012) Major element distribution in Archean banded iron formation (BIF): Influence of metamorphic differentiation. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 30, 457–472.10.1111/j.1525-1314.2012.00975.xSearch in Google Scholar

Klein, C. (2005) Some Precambrian banded iron-formations (BIFs) from around the world: Their age, geologic setting, mineralogy, metamorphism, geochemistry, and origin. American Mineralogist, 90, 1473–1499.10.2138/am.2005.1871Search in Google Scholar

Lafuente, B., Downs, R. T., Yang, H., and Stone, N. (2015) The power of databases: The RRUFF project. In T. Armbruster and R.M. Danisi, Eds., Highlights in Mineralogical Crystallography, p. 1–30. De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110417104-003Search in Google Scholar

Laybourn, D.P. (1979) The geology and metamorphism of the Ironwood Iron-Formation, Gogebic Range, Wisconsin. M.Sc. thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 223 p.Search in Google Scholar

Leake, B.E., Woolley, A.R., Arps, C.E.S., Birch, W.D., Gilbert, M.C., Grice, J.D., Hawthorne, F.C., Kato, A., Kisch, H.J., Krivovichev, V.G., and others. (1997) Nomenclature of amphiboles: Report of the subcommittee on amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 219–246.Search in Google Scholar

Lowers, H., and Meeker, G. (2002) Tabulation of asbestos-related terminology. USGS Open-File Rep. 02-458. USGS, Reston, Virginia. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-458/index.html10.3133/ofr02458Search in Google Scholar

Mandel, J.H., and Odo, N.U. (2018) Mesothelioma and other lung disease in taconite miners; the uncertain role of non-asbestiform EMP. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 361, 107–112.10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Mardsen, R.W. (1978) Iron ore reserves of Wisconsin—A minerals availability system report. In Proceedings, American Institute of Mining Engineers, 51st annual meeting, Minnesota Section, Duluth, Minnesota, Jan. 11–13, 1978. University of Minnesota. American Institute of Mining Engineers, 39, 24–21 to 24–28.Search in Google Scholar

Mills, T.R., and Clar, M.L. (1976) Erosion and sediment control; surface mining in the Eastern U.S.; planning and design. Hittman Associates, Columbia, Maryland. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-625/3-76-006, 238 p.Search in Google Scholar

Mossman, B.T. (2008) Assessment of the pathogenic potential of asbestiform vs. nonasbestiform particulates (cleavage fragments) in in vitro (cell and organ culture) models and bioassays. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 52, S200–S203.Search in Google Scholar

Mücke, A., and Annor, A. (1993) Examples and genetic significance of the formation of iron oxides in the Nigerian banded iron-formations. Mineralium Deposita, 28, 136–145.10.1007/BF00196338Search in Google Scholar

NIOSH (2011) Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongate Mineral Particles: State of the Science and Roadmap for Research. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 147 p.Search in Google Scholar

Ojakangas, R.W. (1983) Tidal deposits in the early Proterozoic basin of the Lake Superior region; the Palms and the Pokegama Formations; evidence of subtidal-deposition of the superior-type banded iron-formation. In L.G. Medaris, Jr., Ed., Early Proterozoic Geology of the Great Lakes Region, 160, 49–56. Geological Society of America Memoir.10.1130/MEM160-p49Search in Google Scholar

Reed, W., Listak, J.M., Page, S.J., and Organiscak, J.A. (2008) Summary of NIOSH research completed on dust control methods for surface and underground drilling. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, 324, 32–40.Search in Google Scholar

Ross, M., Nolan, R.P., and Nord, G.L. (2008) The search for asbestos within the Peter Mitchell Taconite iron ore mine, near Babbitt, Minnesota. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 52, p. S43–S50.10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.09.018Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Schulz, K.J., and Cannon, W.F. (2007) The Penokean orogeny in the Lake Superior region. Precambrian Research, 157, 4–25.10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.022Search in Google Scholar

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (2005) U. S. EPA Asbestos Assessment for El Dorado Hills. San Francisco, California, https://archive.epa.gov/region9/toxic/web/pdf/eldorado-asb-flyer.pdf 7 p.Search in Google Scholar

U. S. Geological Survey (2018) Mineral commodity summaries 2018. U. S. Geological Survey, 200 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/7019493210.3133/70194932Search in Google Scholar

Zanko, L.M., Niles, H.N., and Oreskovich, J.A. (2008) Mineralogical and microscopic evaluation of coarse taconite tailings from Minnesota taconite operations. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 52, p. S51–S65.10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.09.016Search in Google Scholar PubMed