Startseite Naturwissenschaften Zircon and apatite geochemical constraints on the formation of the Huojihe porphyry Mo deposit in the Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China
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Zircon and apatite geochemical constraints on the formation of the Huojihe porphyry Mo deposit in the Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China

  • Kai Xing , Qihai Shu ORCID logo , David R. Lentz und Fangyue Wang
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 1. März 2020
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 105 Heft 3

Abstract

Northeastern China is an important Mo resource region in China, with more than 80 Mo deposits and occurrences. The Huojihe deposit located in the Lesser Xing’an Range represents one of the many Mesozoic porphyry Mo deposits in NE China and has been selected for investigation attempting to clarify the possible mechanisms controlling Mo mineralization. In this study, accessory minerals, including zircon and apatite from the causative intrusions (biotite monzogranite and granodiorite), have been analyzed to reveal their chemical and isotopic compositions, which provide insights into the nature of the source magmas and a better understanding of the factors affecting their mineralization potential.

Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the biotite monzogranite from the Huojihe deposit formed at 181.6 ± 0.6 Ma, which is identical to the previously reported molybdenite Re-Os age (~181 Ma), indicating that the Mo mineralization is probably genetically related to the intrusion. The intrusion samples share homogeneous geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions, with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7072–0.7075 and slightly negative εNd(t) values from –2.3 to –1.4, reflecting a uniform magma source. The least-altered apatites show similar (or slightly enriched) initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7080–0.7108) and εNd(t) values (–4.0 to –1.8), whereas the hydrothermally altered apatites are characterized by significantly higher initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7091–0.7119) and more negative εNd(t) values (–4.9 to –4.4), probably due to the interaction between the hydrothermal fluids and wall rocks. The zircon εHf(t) values vary from –0.9 to 1.7, corresponding to a restricted range of TDM2 ages from 1279 to 1120 Ma. The Sr-Nd-Hf isotope results suggest that the primary magmas associated with the Mo mineralization could be generated from a dominantly Mesoproterozoic lower crust source, with rare contributions from the depleted mantle. The low Ga and Ce and high Eu contents in the magmatic apatite demonstrate that the original magmas have a relatively high oxygen fugacity, which is also supported by the high zircon CeN/CeN* (22–568) and EuN/EuN* (0.38–0.71) values.

Estimates of absolute sulfur concentrations in the mineralization-related melt using available partitioning models for apatite return relatively low magmatic sulfur concentrations in Huojihe (20–100 ppm), indistinguishable from those of larger or smaller deposits or even barren magmatic bodies. Using the sulfur concentration data, a minimum volume of 10–50 km3 magma has been suggested to be necessary to produce the Huojihe Mo deposit based on mass balance modeling. Besides, the Mo concentration in the original magma has also been roughly estimated based on the magma size (10–50 km3) and the contained Mo in Huojihe (0.275 Mt). The magmatic Mo concentrations (2–10 ppm) are similar to many other porphyry Mo systems (e.g., the Climax-type porphyry Mo deposits), and are also comparable to subeconomic to barren magma systems. This study suggests that pre-degassing enrichments of Mo and S in the original magma is not necessarily important in the formation of the Huojihe Mo deposit; rather, factors other than melt composition may be more critical in forming a porphyry Mo deposit. This understanding might also apply to other porphyry Mo mineralized systems worldwide.

Keywords: Apatite and zircon geochemistry; magmatic S and Mo contents; mineralization mechanism; Huojihe porphyry Mo deposit; NE China

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Meijun Yang, Xiaolei Nie, Li Su, Chao Yu, and Limin Zhou for their assistance during the analyses. We also thank Daniel Harlov, Jun Deng, and Qingfei Wang for an earlier review and discussion that considerably improved the quality of the manuscript. This paper also benefited from the insightful reviews and comments by Cyril Chelle-Michou and an anonymous reviewer and editorial handling by Gregory Dumond.

  1. Funding

    This study was made possible by financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41973043 and 41873034), the MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (MSFGPMR201804), and the 111 Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology (BP0719021). D.L. is supported by a NSERC Discovery grant.

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Received: 2019-07-25
Accepted: 2019-10-19
Published Online: 2020-03-01
Published in Print: 2020-03-26

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Heavy halogen geochemistry of martian shergottite meteorites and implications for the halogen composition of the depleted shergottite mantle source
  2. The distribution and abundance of halogens in eclogites: An in situ SIMS perspective of the Raspas Complex (Ecuador)
  3. Pressure dependence of Si diffusion in γ-Fe
  4. Seismic detectability of carbonates in the deep Earth: A nuclear inelastic scattering study
  5. Equations of state, phase relations, and oxygen fugacity of the Ru-RuO2 buffer at high pressures and temperatures
  6. Experimental determination of the phase relations of Pt and Pd antimonides and bismuthinides in the Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide systems between 1100 and 700 °C
  7. Layer stacking disorder in Mg-Fe chlorites based on powder X-ray diffraction data
  8. Elasticity of single-crystal Fe-enriched diopside at high-pressure conditions: Implications for the origin of upper mantle low-velocity zones
  9. XANES spectroscopy of sulfides stable under reducing conditions
  10. Zircon and apatite geochemical constraints on the formation of the Huojihe porphyry Mo deposit in the Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China
  11. Textural and compositional evolution of iron oxides at Mina Justa (Peru): Implications for mushketovite and formation of IOCG deposits
  12. Siwaqaite, Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12·26H2O, a new mineral of the ettringite group from the pyrometamorphic Daba-Siwaqa complex, Jordan
  13. Negevite, the pyrite-type NiP2, a new terrestrial phosphide
  14. Transjordanite, Ni2P, a new terrestrial and meteoritic phosphide, and natural solid solutions barringerite-transjordanite (hexagonal Fe2P–Ni2P)
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7226
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Apatite and zircon geochemistry; magmatic S and Mo contents; mineralization mechanism; Huojihe porphyry Mo deposit; NE China

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Heavy halogen geochemistry of martian shergottite meteorites and implications for the halogen composition of the depleted shergottite mantle source
  2. The distribution and abundance of halogens in eclogites: An in situ SIMS perspective of the Raspas Complex (Ecuador)
  3. Pressure dependence of Si diffusion in γ-Fe
  4. Seismic detectability of carbonates in the deep Earth: A nuclear inelastic scattering study
  5. Equations of state, phase relations, and oxygen fugacity of the Ru-RuO2 buffer at high pressures and temperatures
  6. Experimental determination of the phase relations of Pt and Pd antimonides and bismuthinides in the Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide systems between 1100 and 700 °C
  7. Layer stacking disorder in Mg-Fe chlorites based on powder X-ray diffraction data
  8. Elasticity of single-crystal Fe-enriched diopside at high-pressure conditions: Implications for the origin of upper mantle low-velocity zones
  9. XANES spectroscopy of sulfides stable under reducing conditions
  10. Zircon and apatite geochemical constraints on the formation of the Huojihe porphyry Mo deposit in the Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China
  11. Textural and compositional evolution of iron oxides at Mina Justa (Peru): Implications for mushketovite and formation of IOCG deposits
  12. Siwaqaite, Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12·26H2O, a new mineral of the ettringite group from the pyrometamorphic Daba-Siwaqa complex, Jordan
  13. Negevite, the pyrite-type NiP2, a new terrestrial phosphide
  14. Transjordanite, Ni2P, a new terrestrial and meteoritic phosphide, and natural solid solutions barringerite-transjordanite (hexagonal Fe2P–Ni2P)
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