Elasticity of single-crystal Fe-enriched diopside at high-pressure conditions: Implications for the origin of upper mantle low-velocity zones

References cited

Ackerman, L., Špaček, P., Medaris, G., Hegner, E., Svojtka, M., and Ulrych, J. (2012) Geochemistry and petrology of pyroxenite xenoliths from Cenozoic alkaline basalts, Bohemian Massif. Journal of Geosciences, 57, 199–219.10.3190/jgeosci.125Suche in Google Scholar

Akaogi, M., Yano, M., Tejima, Y., Iijima, M., and Kojitani, H. (2004) High-pressure transitions of diopside and wollastonite: Phase equilibria and thermochemistry of CaMgSi₂O₆, CaSiO₃ and CaSi₂O₅-CaTiSiO₅ system. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 143-144, 145–156.10.1016/j.pepi.2003.08.008Suche in Google Scholar

Aulbach, S., and Jacob, D.E. (2016) Major- and trace-elements in cratonic mantle eclogites and pyroxenites reveal heterogeneous sources and metamorphic processing of low-pressure protoliths. Lithos, 262, 586–605.10.1016/j.lithos.2016.07.026Suche in Google Scholar

Azough, F., and Freer, R. (2000) Iron diffusion in single-crystal diopside. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27(10), 732–740.10.1007/s002690000119Suche in Google Scholar

Bass, J.D., and Zhang, J.S. (2015) Theory and practice: techniques for measuring high-P–T elasticity. In G. Schubert, Ed., Treatise on Geophysics, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 293–312. Elsevier.10.1016/B978-0-444-53802-4.00037-3Suche in Google Scholar

Bass, J.D. Sinogeikin, S.V., and Li, B.S. (2008) Elastic properties of minerals: a key for understanding the composition and temperature of Earth’s interior. Elements, 4(3), 165–170.10.2113/GSELEMENTS.4.3.165Suche in Google Scholar

Bina, C.R. (2013) Mineralogy: Garnet goes hungry. Nature Geoscience, 6(5), 335–336.10.1038/ngeo1804Suche in Google Scholar

Bina, C.R., Stein, S., Marton, F.C., and Van Ark, E.M. (2001) Implications of slab mineralogy for subduction dynamics. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 127(1-4), 51–66.10.1016/S0031-9201(01)00221-7Suche in Google Scholar

Birch, F. (1978) Finite strain isotherm and velocities for single-crystal and polycrystalline NaCl at high pressure and 300 K. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83(B3), 1257–1268.10.1029/JB083iB03p01257Suche in Google Scholar

Borghini, G., Rampone, E., Zanetti, A., Class, C., Cipriani, A., Hofmann, A.W., and Goldstein, S.L. (2016) Pyroxenite layers in the northern Apennines’ upper mantle (Italy)-generation by pyroxenite melting and melt infiltration. Journal of Petrology, 57(4), 625–653.10.1093/petrology/egv074Suche in Google Scholar

Collins, M.D., and Brown, J.M. (1998) Elasticity of an upper mantle clinopyroxene. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 26(1), 7–13.10.1007/s002690050156Suche in Google Scholar

Dantas, C., Ceuleneer, G., Gregoire, M., Python, M., Freydier, R., Warren, J., and Dick, H.J.B. (2007) Pyroxenites from the Southwest Indian Ridge, 9–16°E: Cumulates from incremental melt fractions produced at the top of a cold melting regime. Journal of Petrology, 48(4), 647–660.10.1093/petrology/egl076Suche in Google Scholar

Davis, F.A., Tangeman, J.A., Tenner, T. J., and Hirschmann, M.M. (2009) The composition of KLB-1 peridotite. American Mineralogist, 94, 176–180.10.2138/am.2009.2984Suche in Google Scholar

Duffy, T. S. (2018) Single-crystal elastic properties of minerals and related materials with cubic symmetry. American Mineralogist, 103(6), 977–988.10.2138/am-2018-6285Suche in Google Scholar

Duffy, T.S., and Ahrens, T.J. (1992) Sound velocities at high pressure and temperature and their geophysical implications. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97(B4), 4503–4520.10.1029/91JB02650Suche in Google Scholar

Duffy, T.S., and Anderson, D.L. (1989) Seismic velocities in mantle minerals and the mineralogy of the upper mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94(B2), 1895–1912.10.1029/JB094iB02p01895Suche in Google Scholar

Eberle, M.A., Grasset, O., and Sotin, C. (2002) A numerical study of the interaction between the mantle wedge, subducting slab, and overriding plate. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 134(3-4), 191–202.10.1016/S0031-9201(02)00157-7Suche in Google Scholar

El Atrassi, F., Brunet, F., Chazot, G., Bouybaouène, M., and Chopin, C. (2013) Metamorphic and magmatic overprint of garnet pyroxenites from the Beni Bousera massif (northern Morocco): Petrography, mineral chemistry and thermobarometry. Lithos, 179, 231–248.10.1016/j.lithos.2013.08.023Suche in Google Scholar

Every, A. (1980) General closed-form expressions for acoustic waves in elastically anisotropic solids. Physical Review B, 22(4), 1746–1760.10.1103/PhysRevB.22.1746Suche in Google Scholar

Fan, D.W., Mao, Z., Yang, J., and Lin, J.F. (2015) Determination of the full elastic tensor of single crystals using shear wave velocities by Brillouin spectroscopy. American Mineralogist, 100, 2590–2601.10.2138/am-2015-5311Suche in Google Scholar

Fan, D.W., Fu, S.Y., Yang, J., Tkachev, S.N., Prakapenka, V.B., and Lin, J.F. (2019a) Elasticity of single-crystal periclase at high pressure and temperature: the effect of iron on the elasticity and seismic parameters of ferropericlase in the lower mantle. American Mineralogist, 104, 262–275.10.2138/am-2019-6656Suche in Google Scholar

Fan, D.W., Xu, J.G., Lu, C., Tkachev, S.N., Li, B., Ye, Z.L., Huang, S.J., Prakapenka, V.B., and Zhou, W.G. (2019b) Elasticity of single-crystal low water-content hydrous pyrope at high pressure and high temperature conditions. American Mineralogist, 104, 1022–1031.10.2138/am-2019-6897Suche in Google Scholar

Finger, L.W., and Ohashi, Y. (1976) The thermal expansion of diopside to 800 °C and a refinement of the crystal structure at 700 °C. American Mineralogist, 61, 303–310.Suche in Google Scholar

Forte, A.M., Mitrovica, J.X., and Espesset, A. (2002) Geodynamic and seismic constraints on the thermochemical structure and dynamics of convection in the deep mantle. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 360(1800), 2521–2543.10.1098/rsta.2002.1079Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Frost, D.J. (2008) The upper mantle and transition zone. Elements, 4, 171–176.10.2113/GSELEMENTS.4.3.171Suche in Google Scholar

Fukao, Y., and Obayashi, M. (2013) Subducted slabs stagnant above, penetrating through, and trapped below the 660 km discontinuity. Journal of Geophysical Research, 118(11), 5920–5938.10.1002/2013JB010466Suche in Google Scholar

Fumagalli, P., and Klemme, S. (2015) Mineralogy of the Earth: phase transitions and mineralogy of the upper mantle. In G. Schubert, Ed., Treatise on Geophysics, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 7–31, Elsevier.10.1016/B978-0-444-53802-4.00052-XSuche in Google Scholar

Grand, S.P., and Helmberger, D.V. (1984) Upper mantle shear structure of North America. Geophysical Journal International, 76(2), 399–438.10.1111/j.1365-246X.1984.tb05053.xSuche in Google Scholar

Gysi, A.P., Jagoutz, O., Schmidt, M.W., and Targuisti, K. (2011) Petrogenesis of Pyroxenites and Melt Infiltrations in the Ultramafic Complex of Beni Bousera, Northern Morocco. Journal of Petrology, 52(9), 1679–1735.10.1093/petrology/egr026Suche in Google Scholar

Hao, M., Pierotti, C., Tkachev, S., Prakapenka, V., and Zhang, J.S. (2019a) The single-crystal elastic properties of the jadeite-diopside solid solution and their implications for the composition dependent seismic properties of eclogite. American Mineralogist, 104, 1016–1021.10.2138/am-2019-6990Suche in Google Scholar

Hao, M., Zhang, J.S., Pierotti, C.E., Ren, Z., and Zhang, D.Z. (2019b) High-pressure single-crystal elasticity and thermal equation of state of omphacite and their implications for the seismic properties of eclogite in the Earth’s interior. Journal of Geophysical Research, 124, 2368–2377.10.1029/2018JB016964Suche in Google Scholar

Henry, H., Tilhac, R., Griffin, W.L., O’Reilly, S.Y., Satsukawa, T., Kaczmarek, M.A., Grégoire, M., and Ceuleneer, G. (2017) Deformation of mantle pyroxenites provides clues to geodynamic processes in subduction zones: Case study of the Cabo Ortegal Complex, Spain. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 472, 174–185.10.1016/j.epsl.2017.05.028Suche in Google Scholar

Hill, R. (1952) The elastic behaviour of a crystalline aggregate. Proceedings of the Physical Society—Section A, 65(5), 349–354.10.1088/0370-1298/65/5/307Suche in Google Scholar

Hu, Y., Kiefer, B., Bina, C.R., Zhang, D.Z., and Dera, P. (2017) High-Pressure γ-CaMgSi₂O₆: Does penta-coordinated silicon exist in the Earth’s mantle? Geophysical Research Letters, 44(22), 11340–11348.10.1002/2017GL075424Suche in Google Scholar

Irifune, T., Miyashita, M., Inoue, T., Ando, J., Funakoshi, K., and Utsumi, W. (2000) High-pressure phase transformation in CaMgSi₂O₆ and implications for origin of ultra-deep diamond inclusions. Geophysical Research Letters, 27(21), 3541–3544.10.1029/2000GL012105Suche in Google Scholar

Isaak, D.G., and Ohno, I. (2003) Elastic constants of chrome-diopside: application of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy to monoclinic single-crystals. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 30(7), 430–439.10.1007/s00269-003-0334-2Suche in Google Scholar

Isaak, D.G., Ohno, I., and Lee, P.C. (2006) The elastic constants of monoclinic single-crystal chrome-diopside to 1300 K. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 32(10), 691–699.10.1007/s00269-005-0047-9Suche in Google Scholar

Jackson, J.M., Palko, J.W., Andrault, D., Sinogeikin, S.V., Lakshtanov, D.L., Wang, J.Y., Bass, J.D., and Zha, C.S. (2003) Thermal expansion of natural orthoenstatite to 1473 K. European Journal of Mineralogy, 15(3), 469–473.10.1127/0935-1221/2003/0015-0469Suche in Google Scholar

Jackson, J.M., Sinogeikin, S.V., and Bass, J.D. (2007) Sound velocities and single-crystal elasticity of orthoenstatite to 1073 K at ambient pressure. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 161(1-2), 1–12.10.1016/j.pepi.2006.11.002Suche in Google Scholar

Jordan, T.H. (1975) Lateral heterogeneity and mantle dynamics. Nature, 257, 745–750.10.1038/257745a0Suche in Google Scholar

Kandelin, J., and Weidner, D.J. (1988a) Elastic properties of hedenbergite. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93(B2), 1063–1072.10.1029/JB093iB02p01063Suche in Google Scholar

Kandelin, J., and Weidner, D.J. (1988b) The single-crystal elastic properties of jadeite. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 50, 251–260.10.1016/0031-9201(88)90106-9Suche in Google Scholar

Katsura, T., Yoneda, A., Yamazaki, D., Yoshino, T., and Ito, E. (2010) Adiabatic temperature profile in the mantle. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 183, 212–218.10.1016/j.pepi.2010.07.001Suche in Google Scholar

Kennett, B.L.N., Engdahl, E.R., and Buland, R. (1995) Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes. Geophysical Journal International, 122(1), 108–124.10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb03540.xSuche in Google Scholar

Kim, Y.-H., Ming, L.C., and Manghnani, M.H. (1994) High-pressure phase transformations in a natural crystalline diopside and a synthetic CaMgSi₂O₆ glass. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 83(1), 67–79.10.1016/0031-9201(94)90112-0Suche in Google Scholar

Kopylova, M.G., Russell, J.K., and Cookenboo, H. (1999) Petrology of Peridotite and Pyroxenite Xenoliths from the Jericho Kimberlite: Implications for the Thermal State of the Mantle beneath the Slave Craton, Northern Canada. Journal of Petrology, 40(1), 79–104.10.1093/petroj/40.1.79Suche in Google Scholar

Lambart, S., Laporte, D., and Schiano, P. (2013) Markers of the pyroxenite contribution in the major-element compositions of oceanic basalts: Review of the experimental constraints. Lithos, 160-161, 14–36.10.1016/j.lithos.2012.11.018Suche in Google Scholar

Lazarz, J.D., Dera, P., Hu, Y., Meng, Y., Bina, C.R., and Jacobsen, S.D. (2019) High-pressure phase transitions of clinoenstatite. American Mineralogist, 104(6), 897–904.10.2138/am-2019-6740Suche in Google Scholar

Lee, C.-T.A. (2003) Compositional variation of density and seismic velocities in natural peridotites at STP conditions: Implications for seismic imaging of compositional heterogeneities in the upper mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(B9), 2441.10.1029/2003JB002413Suche in Google Scholar

Levien, L., and Prewitt, C.T. (1981) High-pressure structural study of diopside. American Mineralogist, 66, 315–323.Suche in Google Scholar

Levien, L., Weidner, D.J., and Prewitt, C.T. (1979) Elasticity of diopside. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 4(2), 105–113.10.1007/BF00307555Suche in Google Scholar

Li, B.S., and Neuville, D.R. (2010) Elasticity of diopside to 8 GPa and 1073 K and implications for the upper mantle. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 183(3-4), 398–403.10.1016/j.pepi.2010.08.009Suche in Google Scholar

Li, G.H., Sui, Y., and Zhou, Y.Z. (2014) Low-velocity layer atop the mantle transition zone in the lower Yangtze Craton from P waveform triplication. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 57(7), 2362–2371 (in Chinese).10.1002/cjg2.20122Suche in Google Scholar

Li, X.Y., Shi, W.G., Liu, X.D., and Mao, Z. (2019) High-pressure phase stability and elasticity of ammonia hydrate. American Mineralogist, 104, 1307–1314.10.2138/am-2019-7057Suche in Google Scholar

Liebermann, R.C., and Mayson, D.J. (1976) Elastic properties of polycrystalline diopside (CaMgSi₂O₆). Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 11(3), P1–P4.10.1016/0031-9201(76)90059-5Suche in Google Scholar

Lu, C., Mao, Z., Lin, J.F., Zhuravlev, K.K., Tkachev, S.N., and Prakapenka, V.B. (2013) Elasticity of single-crystal iron-bearing pyrope up to 20 GPa and 750 K. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 361, 134–142.10.1016/j.epsl.2012.11.041Suche in Google Scholar

Luth, R.W., and Canil, D. (1993) Ferric iron in mantle-derived pyroxenes and a new oxybarometer for the mantle. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 113(2), 236–248.10.1007/BF00283231Suche in Google Scholar

Mainprice, D. (1990) A Fortran program to calculate seismic anisotropy from the lattice preferred orientation of minerals. Computers & Geosciences, 16(3), 385–393.10.1016/0098-3004(90)90072-2Suche in Google Scholar

Mainprice, D. (2015) Seismic anisotropy of the deep earth from a mineral and rock physics perspective. In G. Schubert, Ed., Treatise on Geophysics, 2nd ed., vol. 2, pp. 487–538. Elsevier.10.1016/B978-0-444-53802-4.00044-0Suche in Google Scholar

Mainprice, D., Barruol, G., and Ben Ismail, W. (2000) The anisotropy of the Earth’s mantle: From single crystal to polycrystal. In S.I. Karato, L. Stixrude, R. Liebermann, G. Masters, and A. Forte, Eds., Mineral Physics and Seismic Tomography from the Atomic to the Global Scale, Geophysical Monograph Series, 177, pp. 237–264, American Geophysical Union.10.1029/GM117p0237Suche in Google Scholar

Mao, H.K., Xu, J., and Bell, P.M. (1986) Calibration of the ruby pressure gauge to 800 kbar under quasi-hydrostatic conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91(B5), 4673–4676.10.1029/JB091iB05p04673Suche in Google Scholar

Mao, Z., Fan, D.W., Lin, J.F., Yang, J., Tkachev, S.N., Zhuravlev, K., and Prakapenka, V.B. (2015) Elasticity of single-crystal olivine at high pressures and temperatures. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 426, 204–215.10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.045Suche in Google Scholar

Matsui, M., and Busing, W.R. (1984) Calculation of the elastic constants and high-pressure properties of diopside, CaMgSi₂O₆. American Mineralogist, 69, 1090–1095.Suche in Google Scholar

McDonough, W.F., and Rudnick, R.L. (1998) Mineralogy and composition of the upper mantle. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 37, 139–164.Suche in Google Scholar

Morishige, M., Honda, S., and Yoshida, M. (2010) Possibility of hot anomaly in the sub-slab mantle as an origin of low seismic velocity anomaly under the subducting Pacific plate. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 183(1-2), 353–365.10.1016/j.pepi.2010.04.002Suche in Google Scholar

Müller, T., Dohmen, R., Becker, H.W., ter Heege, J.H., and Chakraborty, H.S. (2013) Fe-Mg interdiffusion rates in clinopyroxene: experimental data and implications for Fe-Mg exchange geothermometers. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 166(6), 1563–1576.10.1007/s00410-013-0941-ySuche in Google Scholar

Nelson, D.F., Lazay, P.D., and Lax, M. (1972) Brillouin scattering in anisotropic media: calcite. Physical Review B, 6(8), 3109–3120.10.1103/PhysRevB.6.3109Suche in Google Scholar

Nishi, M., Kubo, T., Ohfuji, H., Kato, T., Nishihara, Y., and Irifune, T. (2013) Slow Si-Al interdiffusion in garnet and stagnation of subducting slabs. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 361, 44–49.10.1016/j.epsl.2012.11.022Suche in Google Scholar

Nye, J.F. (1985) Physical Properties of Crystals: Their Representation by Tensors and Matrices. Oxford University Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Obayashi, M., Sugioka, H., Yoshimitsu, J., and Fukao, Y. (2006) High temperature anomalies oceanward of subducting slabs at the 410-km discontinuity. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 243(1-2), 149–158.10.1016/j.epsl.2005.12.032Suche in Google Scholar

Oguri, K., Funamori, N., Sakai, F., Kondo, T., Uchida, T., and Yagi, T. (1997) High-pressure and high-temperature phase relations in diopside CaMgSi₂O₆. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 104(4), 363–370.10.1016/S0031-9201(97)00029-0Suche in Google Scholar

Ostwald, J., Pazold, W., and Weis, O. (1977) High-resolution Brillouin spectroscopy of water. Applied Physics, 13(4), 351–356.10.1007/BF00882609Suche in Google Scholar

Putirka, K., Ryerson, F.J., Perfit, M., and Ridley, W.I. (2011) Mineralogy and composition of the oceanic mantle. Journal of Petrology, 52(2), 279–313.10.1093/petrology/egq080Suche in Google Scholar

Revenaugh, J., and Sipkin, S. (1994) Seismic evidence for silicate melt atop the 410-km mantle discontinuity. Nature, 369, 474–476.10.1038/369474a0Suche in Google Scholar

Ringwood, A.E. (1982) Phase transformations and differentiation in subducted lithosphere: implications for mantle dynamics, basalt petrogenesis, and crustal evolution. The Journal of Geology, 90(6), 611–643.10.1086/628721Suche in Google Scholar

Ringwood, A.E. (1991) Phase transformations and their bearing on the constitution and dynamics of the mantle. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55(8), 2083–2110.10.1016/0016-7037(91)90090-RSuche in Google Scholar

Rogers, A., and Grütter, H. S. (2009) Fe-rich and Na-rich megacryst clinopyroxene and garnet from the Luxinga kimberlite cluster, Lunda Sul, Angola. Lithos, 112(S2), 942–950.10.1016/j.lithos.2009.06.021Suche in Google Scholar

Sandercock, J.R. (1982) Trends in Brillouin scattering: studies of opaque materials, supported films, and central modes. In M. Cardona and J. Guntherodt, Eds., Topics in Applied Physics, p. 173–206, Springer-Verlag.10.1007/3540115137_6Suche in Google Scholar

Sang, L.Q., and Bass, J.D. (2014) Single-crystal elasticity of diopside to 14 GPa by Brillouin scattering. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 228, 75–79.10.1016/j.pepi.2013.12.011Suche in Google Scholar

Sang, L.Q., Vanpeteghem, C.B., Sinogeikin, S.V., and Bass, J.D. (2011) The elastic properties of diopside, CaMgSi₂O₆. American Mineralogist, 96, 224–227.10.2138/am.2011.3674Suche in Google Scholar

Schaeffer, A.J., and Bostock, M.G. (2010) A low-velocity zone atop the transition zone in northwestern Canada. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, B06302.10.1029/2009JB006856Suche in Google Scholar

Schmädicke, E., Will, T.M., and Mezger, K. (2015) Garnet pyroxenite from the Shackleton Range, Antarctica: Intrusion of plume-derived picritic melts in the continental lithosphere during Rodinia breakup? Lithos, 238, 185–206.10.1016/j.lithos.2015.09.016Suche in Google Scholar

Sinogeikin, S.V., and Bass, J.D. (2000) Single-crystal elasticity of pyrope and MgO to 20 GPa by Brillouin scattering in the diamond cell. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 120(1-2), 43–62.10.1016/S0031-9201(00)00143-6Suche in Google Scholar

Sinogeikin, S.V., Bass, J.D., Prakapenka, V., Lakshtanov, D., Shen, G., Sanchez-Valle, C., and Rivers, M. (2006) Brillouin spectrometer interfaced with synchrotron radiation for simultaneous X-ray density and acoustic velocity measurements. Review of Scientific Instruments, 77(10), 103905.10.1063/1.2360884Suche in Google Scholar

Song, T.-R.A., Helmberger, D.V., and Grand, S.P. (2004) Low-velocity zone atop the 410-km seismic discontinuity in the northwestern United States. Nature, 427, 530–533.10.1038/nature02231Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Speziale, S., Jiang, F., and Duffy, T.S. (2005) Compositional dependence of the elastic wave velocities of mantle minerals: Implications for seismic properties of mantle rocks. In R. van der Hilst, J.D. Bass, J. Matas, and J. Trampert, Eds., Earth’s Deep Mantle: Structure, Composition, and Evolution, p. 301–320. American Geophysical Union.10.1029/160GM18Suche in Google Scholar

Speziale, S., Marquardt, H., and Duffy, T. S. (2014) Brillouin scattering and its application in geosciences. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 78, 543–603.10.2138/rmg.2014.78.14Suche in Google Scholar

Stixrude, L., and Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. (2005) Mineralogy and elasticity of the oceanic upper mantle: origin of the low-velocity zone. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110(B3), B03204.10.1029/2004JB002965Suche in Google Scholar

Takazawa, E., Frey, F.A., Shimizu, N., and Obata, M. (2000) Whole rock compositional variations in an upper mantle peridotite (Horoman, Hokkaido, Japan): are they consistent with a partial melting process? Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64(4), 695–716.10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00346-4Suche in Google Scholar

Tauzin, B., Debayle, E., and Wittlinger, G. (2010) Seismic evidence for a global low-velocity layer within the Earth’s upper mantle. Nature Geoscience, 3(10), 718–721.10.1038/ngeo969Suche in Google Scholar

Tauzin, B., van der Hilst, R.D., Wittlinger, G., and Ricard, Y. (2013) Multiple transition zone seismic discontinuities and low velocity layers below western United States. Journal of Geophysical Research, 118(5), 2307–2322.10.1002/jgrb.50182Suche in Google Scholar

Tauzin, B., Kim, S., and Kennett, B.L.N. (2017) Pervasive seismic low-velocity zones within stagnant plates in the mantle transition zone: Thermal or compositional origin? Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 477, 1–13.10.1016/j.epsl.2017.08.006Suche in Google Scholar

Tecchiato, V., Gaeta, M., Mollo, S., Bachmann, O., von Quadt, A., and Scarlato, P. (2018) Snapshots of primitive arc magma evolution recorded by clinopyroxene textural and compositional variations: The case of hybrid crystal-rich enclaves from Capo Marargiu Volcanic District (Sardinia, Italy). American Mineralogist, 103, 899–910.10.2138/am-2018-6446Suche in Google Scholar

Thompson, R.M., and Downs, R.T. (2008) The crystal structure of diopside at pressure to 10 GPa. American Mineralogist, 93, 177–186.10.2138/am.2008.2684Suche in Google Scholar

Tilhac, R., Grégoire, M., O’Reilly, S.Y., Griffin, W.L., Henry, H., and Ceuleneer, G. (2017) Sources and timing of pyroxenite formation in the sub-arc mantle: Case study of the Cabo Ortegal Complex, Spain. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 474, 490–502.10.1016/j.epsl.2017.07.017Suche in Google Scholar

Tribaudino, M., Prencipe, M., Bruno, M., and Levy, D. (2000) High-pressure behavior of Ca-rich C2/c clinopyroxenes along the join diopside-enstatite (CaMgSi₂O₆-Mg₂Si₂O₆). Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27(9), 656–664.10.1007/s002690000106Suche in Google Scholar

van Mierlo, W., Langenhorst, F., Frost, D., and Rubie, D. (2013) Stagnation of subducting slabs in the transition zone due to slow diffusion in majoritic garnet. Nature Geoscience, 6(5), 400–403.10.1038/ngeo1772Suche in Google Scholar

Varas-Reus, M.I., Garrido, C.J., Marchesi, C., Bosch, D., and Hidas, K. (2018) Genesis of ultra-high pressure garnet pyroxenites in orogenic peridotites and its bearing on the compositional heterogeneity of the Earth’s mantle. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 232, 303–328.10.1016/j.gca.2018.04.033Suche in Google Scholar

Vinnik, L., and Farra, V. (2007) Low S velocity atop the 410-km discontinuity and mantle plumes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 262(3-4), 398–412.10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.051Suche in Google Scholar

Vinnik, L., Ren, Y., Stutzmann, E., Farra, V., and Kiselev, S. (2010) Observations of S410p and S350p phases at seismograph stations in California. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, B05303.Suche in Google Scholar

Walker, A.M. (2012) The effect of pressure on the elastic properties and seismic anisotropy of diopside and jadeite from atomic scale simulation. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 192-193, 81–89.10.1016/j.pepi.2011.10.002Suche in Google Scholar

Wang, Z.C., Ji, S.C., and Dresen, G. (1999) Hydrogen-enhanced electrical conductivity of diopside crystals. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(6), 799–802.10.1029/1999GL900094Suche in Google Scholar

Wang, D.J., Li, H.P., Yi, L., and Shi, B.Q. (2008) The electrical conductivity of upper-mantle rocks: water content in the upper mantle. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 35(3), 157–162.10.1007/s00269-007-0207-1Suche in Google Scholar

Wang, X.J., Han, G.J., and Li, J. (2018) Low-velocity layer atop the upper mantle transition zone in Northwest Pacific subduction zone. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 61(3), 819–831 (in Chinese).Suche in Google Scholar

Wang, S.H., Chen, T., Cai, N., Qi, X.T., Fiege, A., Liebermann, R.C., and Li, B.S. (2019) Pressure-induced velocity softening in natural orthopyroxene at mantle temperature. American Mineralogist, 104, 1173–1179.10.2138/am-2019-6935Suche in Google Scholar

Webb, S.L., and Jackson, I. (1993) The pressure dependence of the elastic moduli of single-crystal orthopyroxene (Mg_0.8Fe_0.2)SiO₃. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5, 1111–1119.10.1127/ejm/5/6/1111Suche in Google Scholar

Wei, W., Li, X., Sun, N., Tkachev, S.N., and Mao, Z. (2019) Sound velocity of Neon at high pressures and temperatures by Brillouin scattering. American Mineralogist, 104, 1650–1655.10.2138/am-2019-7033Suche in Google Scholar

Wen, D.P., Wang, Y.F., Zhang, J.F., and Jin, Z.M. (2018) Anisotropic growth of olivine during crystallization in basalts from Hawaii: Implications for olivine fabric development. American Mineralogist, 103, 735–741.10.2138/am-2018-6174Suche in Google Scholar

Woodland, A.B. (2009) Ferric iron contents of clinopyroxene from cratonic mantle and partitioning behaviour with garnet. Lithos, 112(S2), 1143–1149.10.1016/j.lithos.2009.04.009Suche in Google Scholar

Xu, J.G., Zhang, D.Z., Dera, P., Zhang, B., and Fan, D.W. (2017) Experimental evidence for the survival of augite to transition zone depths, and implications for subduction zone dynamics. American Mineralogist, 102, 1516–1524.10.2138/am-2017-5959Suche in Google Scholar

Xu, J.G., Zhang, D.Z., Fan, D.W., Zhang, J.S., Hu, Y., Guo, X.Z., Dera, P., and Zhou, W.G. (2018) Phase transitions in orthoenstatite and subduction zone dynamics: effects of water and transition metal ions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 123(4), 2723–2737.10.1002/2017JB015169Suche in Google Scholar

Xu, J.G., Zhang, D.Z., Fan, D.W., Dera, P., Shi, F., and Zhou, W.G. (2019) Thermoelastic properties of eclogitic ternary garnets and omphacites: Implications for deep subduction of oceanic crust and density anomalies in the upper mantle. Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 179–188.10.1029/2018GL081170Suche in Google Scholar

Yang, X.Z., Keppler, H., McCammon, C., Ni, H.W., Xia, Q.K., and Fan, Q.C. (2011) Effect of water on the electrical conductivity of lower crustal clinopyroxene. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, B04208.10.1029/2010JB008010Suche in Google Scholar

Yang, J., Tong, X.Y., Lin, J.F., Okuchi, T., and Tomioka, N. (2015) Elasticity of ferropericlase across the spin crossover in the Earth’s lower mantle. Scientific Reports, 5, 17188.10.1038/srep17188Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Yang, X.Z., and McCammon, C. (2012) Fe³⁺-rich augite and high electrical conductivity in the deep lithosphere. Geology, 40(2), 131–134.10.1130/G32725.1Suche in Google Scholar

Yang, Z.F., Li, J., Liang, W.F., and Luo, Z.H. (2016) On the chemical markers of pyroxenite contributions in continental basalts in Eastern China: Implications for source lithology and the origin of basalts. Earth-Science Reviews, 157, 18–31.10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.04.001Suche in Google Scholar

Zha, C.S., Duffy, T.S., Downs, R.T., Mao, H.K., and Hemley, R.J. (1996) Sound velocity and elasticity of single-crystal forsterite to 16 GPa. Journal of Geo-physical Research, 101 (B8), 17535–17545.10.1029/96JB01266Suche in Google Scholar

Zhang, J.S., and Bass, J.D. (2016a) Sound velocities of olivine at high pressures and temperatures and the composition of Earth’s upper mantle. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(18), 9611–9618.10.1002/2016GL069949Suche in Google Scholar

Zhang, J.S., and Bass, J.D. (2016b) Single-crystal elasticity of natural Fe-bearing orthoenstatite across a high-pressure phase transition. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(16), 8473–8481.10.1002/2016GL069963Suche in Google Scholar

Zhang, L., Ahsbahs, H., Hafner, S.S., and Kutoglu, A. (1997) Single-crystal compression and crystal structure of clinopyroxene up to 10 GPa. American Mineralogist, 82, 245–258.10.2138/am-1997-3-402Suche in Google Scholar

Zhang, J.S., Bass, J.D., Taniguchi, T., Goncharov, A.F., Chang, Y.Y., and Jacobsen, S.D. (2011) Elasticity of cubic boron nitride under ambient conditions. Journal of Applied Physics, 109, 063521.10.1063/1.3561496Suche in Google Scholar

Zhang, S.B., Zheng, Y.F., Zhao, Z.F., and Yuan, H.L. (2016) The extremely enriched mantle beneath the Yangtze Craton in the Neoproterozoic: Constraints from the Qichun pyroxenite. Precambrian Research, 276, 194–210.10.1016/j.precamres.2016.02.002Suche in Google Scholar

Zhao, C.C., and Yoshino, T. (2016) Electrical conductivity of mantle clinopyroxene as a function of water content and its implication on electrical structure of uppermost mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 447, 1–9.10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.028Suche in Google Scholar

Zhao, Y.S., Von Dreele, R.B., Zhang, J.Z., and Weidner, D.J. (1998) Thermoelastic equation of state of monoclinic pyroxene: CaMgSi₂O₆ diopside. The Review of High Pressure Science and Technology, 7, 25–27.10.4131/jshpreview.7.25Suche in Google Scholar

Zou, F., Wu, Z.Q., Wang, W.Z., and Wentzcovitch, R.M. (2018) An extended semi-analytical approach for thermoelasticity of monoclinic crystals: application to diopside. Journal of Geophysical Research, 123(9), 7629–7643.10.1029/2018JB016102Suche in Google Scholar