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Crystallization conditions of micas in oxidized igneous systems

  • Vincenza Guarino EMAIL logo and Maria Franca Brigatti
Published/Copyright: November 28, 2018
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 103 Issue 12

Abstract

The Catalão II and Catalão I carbonatite complexes are Cretaceous intrusions in the northwestern part of the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province, central Brazil, and contain various trioctahedral micas. Drill-hole sampling and mineralogical and geochemical data suggest the existence of different types of cumulate rocks as carbonatites (calcio- and ferrocarbonatites in Catalão II; magnesiocarbonatites in Catalão I), magnetitites, apatitites, and phlogopitites. In Catalão II complex the presence of ultramafic lamprophyres (phlogopite-picrites) and fenites (syenites and clinopyroxenites) are identified. Phlogopite, Fe3+-rich phlogopite, and tetraferriphlogopite are ubiquitous, with marked and variable pleochroism. In the Catalão II, micas from magnetitites, apatitites, and calciocarbonatites are close in composition to the tetraferriphlogopite end-member. The Mg/(Mg+[VI]Fetot) average value is 0.959 for micas from magnetitites, 0.878 for micas from apatitites, and 0.875 for micas from calciocarbonatites, suggesting an enrichment of octahedral iron in crystals from calciocarbonatites. The trioctahedral micas from the fenites are intermediate in composition between phlogopite and tetraferriphlogopite, with 0.227 ≤ [IV]Fe ≤ 0.291 apfu. Micas of phlogopitites, ferrocarbonatites, and phlogopite-picrites show a significant variation in [IV]Fe, [IV]Al, [VI]Mg, and [VI]Fe contents, suggesting the existence of different mica populations. In the Catalão I magnetitites micas show a quite constant Mg content but marked differences in [IV]Fe3+ and [IV]Al content, so there are [IV]Fe3+-bearing phlogopite and tetraferriphlogopite. The micas from Catalão I apatitites have variable [IV]Fe3+, [IV]Al, and Mg contents and are mainly tetraferriphlogopite with a minor phlogopite population. Trioctahedral micas from Catalão I magnesiocarbonatites contain crystals close to tetraferriphlogopite with [IV]Fe3+ and a limited variation in Mg content. In these complexes, heterovalent octahedral substitutions are mainly related to Ti4+ and, only in a few samples, to Fe3+. The primary mechanism regulating Ti uptake into the mica structure is the Ti-oxy [[VI]Ti4+[VI](Mg,Fe)2–+1(OH)––2O22–] substitution. Crystal structural analysis shows that all mica crystals are 1M polytypes with the expected space group C2/m. The nearly equal size and mean electron count between M1 and M2 octahedral sites suggest a disorder of octahedral cations between these two sites. The low Al and the high Fe3+ content in the tetrahedral site of these micas, as well as the high (OH)– content, reflects the general enrichment in FeO and H2O and the peralkaline nature of magma from which Catalão I and Catalão II micas crystallized. Micas strongly enriched in Fe3+ and poor in Ti and Al, are used, for the first time, as indicators of crystallization temperature using published geothermometers. Temperatures range between ~800 and 558 °C for the Catalão II cumulate rocks, in high oxygen fugacity conditions, mainly over the HM condition. In contrast, the variability in temperature (703–631 and 1050–952 °C) for Catalão II phlogopite-picrites is consistent with mica crystallization in an HM-NiNiO environment. The calculated temperatures for Catalão I cumulate rocks (742–542 °C for magnesiocarbonatites, 923–540 °C for magnetitites, and 679–550 °C for apatitites) are quite similar with those of Catalão II rocks, but they generally show higher oxygen fugacity conditions (over HM condition).

Keywords: Phlogopite; tetraferriphlogopite; carbonatites; Catalão; Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province; Brazil

Acknowledgments

Vincenza Guarino thanks Leone Melluso and Vincenzo Morra for their scientific guidance since her graduation thesis; she learned from them how to merge research, curiosity, and methodological rigor to approach the various aspects of mineralogical, petrographic, and petrologic studies. Thanks to Roberto de Gennaro for his invaluable help with the EDS analysis. The useful comments of editor Keith D. Putirka helped very much to improve the manuscript. The comments of D.L. Bish have been useful to improve the contents and style of the manuscript. The reviews of the associate editor Callum Hetherington, the Technical Editor, Radek Škoda, and an anonymous reviewer were very useful for the preparation of this revised manuscript. This research benefited from grant of Maria Franca Brigatti.

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Received: 2018-03-26
Accepted: 2018-08-20
Published Online: 2018-11-28
Published in Print: 2018-12-19

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Letter
  2. Rapid solid-state sintering in volcanic systems
  3. How geometry and anisotropy affect residual strain in host-inclusion systems: Coupling experimental and numerical approaches
  4. Special collection: Earth analogs for martian geological materials and processes
  5. Diverse mineral assemblages of acidic alteration in the Rio Tinto area (southwest Spain): Implications for Mars
  6. Special collection: From magmas to ore deposits
  7. Archaean hydrothermal fluid modified zircons at Sunrise Dam and Kanowna Belle gold deposits, Western Australia: Implications for post-magmatic fluid activity and ore genesis
  8. Special collection: Water in nominally hydrous and anhydrous minerals
  9. New high-pressure phases in MOOH (M = Al, Ga, In)
  10. Articles
  11. Nuwaite (Ni6GeS2) and butianite (Ni6SnS2), two new minerals from the Allende meteorite: Alteration products in the early solar system
  12. The role of magma mixing, identification of mafic magma inputs, and structure of the underlying magmatic system at Mount St. Helens
  13. Thermodynamic properties of natural melilites
  14. Thermal conductivity anomaly in spin-crossover ferropericlase under lower mantle conditions and implications for heat flow across the core-mantle boundary
  15. Electronic properties and compressional behavior of Fe–Si alloys at high pressure
  16. Diffusion of molybdenum and tungsten in anhydrous and hydrous granitic melts
  17. High-pressure single-crystal structural analysis of AlSiO3OH phase egg
  18. Structural variations along the apatite F-OH join
  19. Raman modes of carbonate minerals as pressure and temperature gauges up to 6 GPa and 500 °C
  20. Crystallization conditions of micas in oxidized igneous systems
  21. The role of crustal melting in the formation of rhyolites: Constraints from SIMS oxygen isotope data (Chon Aike Province, Patagonia, Argentina)
  22. New Mineral Names
  23. Book Review
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6567
Keywords for this article
Phlogopite; tetraferriphlogopite; carbonatites; Catalão; Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province; Brazil

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Letter
  2. Rapid solid-state sintering in volcanic systems
  3. How geometry and anisotropy affect residual strain in host-inclusion systems: Coupling experimental and numerical approaches
  4. Special collection: Earth analogs for martian geological materials and processes
  5. Diverse mineral assemblages of acidic alteration in the Rio Tinto area (southwest Spain): Implications for Mars
  6. Special collection: From magmas to ore deposits
  7. Archaean hydrothermal fluid modified zircons at Sunrise Dam and Kanowna Belle gold deposits, Western Australia: Implications for post-magmatic fluid activity and ore genesis
  8. Special collection: Water in nominally hydrous and anhydrous minerals
  9. New high-pressure phases in MOOH (M = Al, Ga, In)
  10. Articles
  11. Nuwaite (Ni6GeS2) and butianite (Ni6SnS2), two new minerals from the Allende meteorite: Alteration products in the early solar system
  12. The role of magma mixing, identification of mafic magma inputs, and structure of the underlying magmatic system at Mount St. Helens
  13. Thermodynamic properties of natural melilites
  14. Thermal conductivity anomaly in spin-crossover ferropericlase under lower mantle conditions and implications for heat flow across the core-mantle boundary
  15. Electronic properties and compressional behavior of Fe–Si alloys at high pressure
  16. Diffusion of molybdenum and tungsten in anhydrous and hydrous granitic melts
  17. High-pressure single-crystal structural analysis of AlSiO3OH phase egg
  18. Structural variations along the apatite F-OH join
  19. Raman modes of carbonate minerals as pressure and temperature gauges up to 6 GPa and 500 °C
  20. Crystallization conditions of micas in oxidized igneous systems
  21. The role of crustal melting in the formation of rhyolites: Constraints from SIMS oxygen isotope data (Chon Aike Province, Patagonia, Argentina)
  22. New Mineral Names
  23. Book Review
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