Startseite Magnetite-apatite deposit from Sri Lanka: Implications on Kiruna-type mineralization associated with ultramafic intrusion and mantle metasomatism
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Magnetite-apatite deposit from Sri Lanka: Implications on Kiruna-type mineralization associated with ultramafic intrusion and mantle metasomatism

  • Xiao-Fang He , M. Santosh EMAIL logo , T. Tsunogae und Sanjeewa P.K. Malaviarachchi
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 2. Januar 2018
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 103 Heft 1

Abstract

Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite associations occur in a variety of rock types and their origin has remained controversial. Most of the Kiruna-type deposits are associated with intermediate to felsic rocks, and in rare cases with ultramafic rocks. Here we investigate the Seruwila iron oxide–apatite deposit at the contact between the Highland and Vijayan complexes that has been defined as the “eastern suture” in Sri Lanka, which formed during the late Neoproterozoic assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent. The ore deposit is hosted in an ultramafic intrusion and comprises massive and disseminated mineralization. The ore-bearing rocks are mainly composed of low-Ti magnetite and chlor-fluorapatite. Our petrological and geochemical studies suggest a magmatic–hydrothermal model for the mineralization wherein: (1) the Cl-rich magmatic–hydrothermal fluid scavenged iron and P from the ultramafic magma, transported iron to shallower levels in the crust and deposited along the suture zone to form the massive type magnetite and apatite; and (2) the cooling of the hydrothermal fluids resulted in the growth of disseminated magnetite and the precipitation of sulfide minerals, followed by a calcic metasomatism (scapolitization and actinolitization). This model is in conformity with the genetic relation between Kiruna-type deposits and iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) deposits. We also report LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages from the host ultramafic intrusion suggesting its emplacement at ca. 530 Ma, which is younger than the regional high-grade metamorphism associated with the collisional assembly of the crustal blocks in Sri Lanka at ca. 540 Ma. By analogy with the common occurrence of Kiruna-type deposits in extensional tectonic settings, and the geochemical features of the studied rocks including low silica, high Mg, Fe, Ca with high field strength elements (HFSEs such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Ti) depletion and strong LREE and F enrichment, we theorize that the ultramafic magmatism occurred in a post-collisional extensional setting derived from a volatile- and LREE-rich metasomatized lithospheric mantle.

Keywords: Kiruna-type; IOA deposits; magnetite; apatite; ultramafic intrusion; Sri Lanka; From Magmas to Ore Deposits

Special collection papers can be found online at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.

Acknowledgments

We thank the associate editor Julie Roberge and editor Keith Putirka from American Mineralogist, as well as three anonymous referees for their constructive comments and suggestions that greatly helped in improving our paper. We also thank Martin Hand for his valuable corrections. Funding for this study was provided by Toshiaki Tsunogae through a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (Grant No. 26302009) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2652017002). The study was also funded by M. Santosh from the Foreign Expert funds from the China University of Geosciences Beijing, China, and professorial position at the University of Adelaide, Australia. This study forms part of Xiao-Fang He’s doctoral research at the China University of Geosciences Beijing and at the University of Adelaide, Australia, supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC).

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Received: 2017-7-24
Accepted: 2017-9-16
Published Online: 2018-1-2
Published in Print: 2018-1-26

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  2. The third isotope of the third element on the third planet
  4. Visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectral characterization of Hawaiian fumarolic alteration near Kilauea’s December 1974 flow: Implications for spectral discrimination of alteration environments on Mars
  6. Magnetite-apatite deposit from Sri Lanka: Implications on Kiruna-type mineralization associated with ultramafic intrusion and mantle metasomatism
  8. The ore-forming magmatic-hydrothermal system of the Piaotang W-Sn deposit (Jiangxi, China) as seen from Li-mica geochemistry
  10. Chlorine incorporation into amphibole and biotite in high-grade iron-formations: Interplay between crystallography and metamorphic fluids
  12. Depth of formation of super-deep diamonds: Raman barometry of CaSiO3-walstromite inclusions
  14. Microtexture investigation of amblygonite–montebrasite series with lacroixite: Characteristics and formation process in pegmatites
  16. Sound velocity measurements of hcp Fe-Si alloy at high pressure and high temperature by inelastic X-ray scattering
  18. New insights into the metallogeny of MVT Zn-Pb deposits: A case study from the Nayongzhi in South China, using field data, fluid compositions, and in situ S-Pb isotopes
  20. Slow weathering of a sandstone-derived Podzol (Falkland Islands) resulting in high content of a non-crystalline silicate
  22. Mineralogy, paragenesis, and mineral chemistry of REEs in the Olserum-Djupedal REE-phosphate mineralization, SE Sweden
  24. Leesite, K(H2O)2[(UO2)4O2(OH)5]·3H2O, a new K-bearing schoepite-family mineral from the Jomac mine, San Juan County, Utah, U.S.A
  26. Chromium-bearing phases in the Earth’s mantle: Evidence from experiments in the Mg2SiO4–MgCr2O4 system at 10–24 GPa and 1600 °C
  27. Crossroads in Earth and Planetary Materials
  28. High-pressure phase transitions in MgCr2O4·Mg2SiO4 composition: Reactions between olivine and chromite with implications for ultrahigh-pressure chromitites
  29. Letter
  30. A novel carbon bonding environment in deep mantle high-pressure dolomite
  31. Letter
  32. Structuration under pressure: Spatial separation of inserted water during pressure-induced hydration in mesolite
  33. Book Review
  34. Book Review: The International Atlas of Mars Exploration: From Spirit to Curiosity
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6254
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Kiruna-type; IOA deposits; magnetite; apatite; ultramafic intrusion; Sri Lanka; From Magmas to Ore Deposits

Artikel in diesem Heft

  2. The third isotope of the third element on the third planet
  4. Visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectral characterization of Hawaiian fumarolic alteration near Kilauea’s December 1974 flow: Implications for spectral discrimination of alteration environments on Mars
  6. Magnetite-apatite deposit from Sri Lanka: Implications on Kiruna-type mineralization associated with ultramafic intrusion and mantle metasomatism
  8. The ore-forming magmatic-hydrothermal system of the Piaotang W-Sn deposit (Jiangxi, China) as seen from Li-mica geochemistry
  10. Chlorine incorporation into amphibole and biotite in high-grade iron-formations: Interplay between crystallography and metamorphic fluids
  12. Depth of formation of super-deep diamonds: Raman barometry of CaSiO3-walstromite inclusions
  14. Microtexture investigation of amblygonite–montebrasite series with lacroixite: Characteristics and formation process in pegmatites
  16. Sound velocity measurements of hcp Fe-Si alloy at high pressure and high temperature by inelastic X-ray scattering
  18. New insights into the metallogeny of MVT Zn-Pb deposits: A case study from the Nayongzhi in South China, using field data, fluid compositions, and in situ S-Pb isotopes
  20. Slow weathering of a sandstone-derived Podzol (Falkland Islands) resulting in high content of a non-crystalline silicate
  22. Mineralogy, paragenesis, and mineral chemistry of REEs in the Olserum-Djupedal REE-phosphate mineralization, SE Sweden
  24. Leesite, K(H2O)2[(UO2)4O2(OH)5]·3H2O, a new K-bearing schoepite-family mineral from the Jomac mine, San Juan County, Utah, U.S.A
  26. Chromium-bearing phases in the Earth’s mantle: Evidence from experiments in the Mg2SiO4–MgCr2O4 system at 10–24 GPa and 1600 °C
  27. Crossroads in Earth and Planetary Materials
  28. High-pressure phase transitions in MgCr2O4·Mg2SiO4 composition: Reactions between olivine and chromite with implications for ultrahigh-pressure chromitites
  29. Letter
  30. A novel carbon bonding environment in deep mantle high-pressure dolomite
  31. Letter
  32. Structuration under pressure: Spatial separation of inserted water during pressure-induced hydration in mesolite
  33. Book Review
  34. Book Review: The International Atlas of Mars Exploration: From Spirit to Curiosity
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