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Visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectral characterization of Hawaiian fumarolic alteration near Kilauea’s December 1974 flow: Implications for spectral discrimination of alteration environments on Mars

  • Marcella Yant EMAIL logo , Kelsey E. Young , A. Deanne Rogers , Amy C. McAdam , Jacob E. Bleacher , Janice L. Bishop and Stanley A. Mertzman
Published/Copyright: January 2, 2018
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 103 Issue 1

Abstract

The December 1974 flow in the SW rift zone at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, has been established as a Mars analog due to its physical, chemical, and morphological properties, as well as its interaction with the outgassing plume from the primary Kilauea caldera. We focus on a solfatara site that consists of hydrothermally altered basalt and alteration products deposited in and around a passively degassing volcanic vent situated directly adjacent to the December 1974 flow on its northwest side. Reflectance spectra are acquired in the visible/near-infrared (VNIR) region and emission spectra in the mid-infrared (MIR) range to better understand the spectral properties of hydrothermally altered materials. The VNIR signatures are consistent with silica, Fe-oxides, and sulfates (Ca, Fe). Primarily silica-dominated spectral signatures are observed in the MIR and changes in spectral features between samples appear to be driven by grain size effects in this wavelength range. The nature of the sample coating and the thermal emission signatures exhibit variations that may be correlated with distance from the vent. Chemical analyses indicate that most surfaces are characterized by silica-rich material, Fe-oxides, and sulfates (Ca, Fe). The silica and Fe-oxide-dominated MIR/VNIR spectral signatures exhibited by the hydrothermally altered material in this study are distinct from the sulfate-dominated spectral signatures exhibited by previously studied low-temperature aqueous acid-sulfate weathered basaltic glass. This likely reflects a difference in open vs. closed system weathering, where mobile cations are removed from the altered surfaces in the fumarolic setting. This work provides a unique infrared spectral library that includes martian analog materials that were altered in an active terrestrial solfatara (hydrothermal) setting. Hydrothermal environments are of particular interest as they potentially indicate habitable conditions. Key constraints on the habitability and astrobiological potential of ancient aqueous environments are provided through detection and interpretation of secondary mineral assemblages; thus, spectral detection of fumarolic alteration assemblages observed from this study on Mars would suggest a region that could have hosted a habitable environment.

Keywords: Glass; infrared; Mars; Hawaii; Earth Analogs for Martian Geological Materials; Processes

† Special collection papers can be found online at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.

Acknowledgments

All fieldwork reported here that was conducted within Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park (HVNP) was conducted under National Park Service (NPS) Scientific Research and Collection Permit HAVO-2012-SCI-0025 as part of NPS Study HAVO-00420. This work was supported by the RIS4E node of NASA’s Solar System Exploration Virtual Institute. A.D.R. also acknowledges support from the Mars Fundamental Research Program NNX13AG82G. The authors thank Steve Ruff for contributing silica reference spectra. NSF-EAR 0923224 awarded to Franklin and Marshall College facilitated a substantial upgrade of both XRD and XRF instrumentation. We also thank Joseph Michalski and Rebecca Greenberger for their insightful reviews. Last, S.A. Mertzman thanks Karen R. Mertzman for her ongoing meticulous work in the X-ray lab without which there would be much less high-quality data in the world.

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Received: 2017-2-24
Accepted: 2017-8-30
Published Online: 2018-1-2
Published in Print: 2018-1-26

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  2. The third isotope of the third element on the third planet
  4. Visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectral characterization of Hawaiian fumarolic alteration near Kilauea’s December 1974 flow: Implications for spectral discrimination of alteration environments on Mars
  6. Magnetite-apatite deposit from Sri Lanka: Implications on Kiruna-type mineralization associated with ultramafic intrusion and mantle metasomatism
  8. The ore-forming magmatic-hydrothermal system of the Piaotang W-Sn deposit (Jiangxi, China) as seen from Li-mica geochemistry
  10. Chlorine incorporation into amphibole and biotite in high-grade iron-formations: Interplay between crystallography and metamorphic fluids
  12. Depth of formation of super-deep diamonds: Raman barometry of CaSiO3-walstromite inclusions
  14. Microtexture investigation of amblygonite–montebrasite series with lacroixite: Characteristics and formation process in pegmatites
  16. Sound velocity measurements of hcp Fe-Si alloy at high pressure and high temperature by inelastic X-ray scattering
  18. New insights into the metallogeny of MVT Zn-Pb deposits: A case study from the Nayongzhi in South China, using field data, fluid compositions, and in situ S-Pb isotopes
  20. Slow weathering of a sandstone-derived Podzol (Falkland Islands) resulting in high content of a non-crystalline silicate
  22. Mineralogy, paragenesis, and mineral chemistry of REEs in the Olserum-Djupedal REE-phosphate mineralization, SE Sweden
  24. Leesite, K(H2O)2[(UO2)4O2(OH)5]·3H2O, a new K-bearing schoepite-family mineral from the Jomac mine, San Juan County, Utah, U.S.A
  26. Chromium-bearing phases in the Earth’s mantle: Evidence from experiments in the Mg2SiO4–MgCr2O4 system at 10–24 GPa and 1600 °C
  27. Crossroads in Earth and Planetary Materials
  28. High-pressure phase transitions in MgCr2O4·Mg2SiO4 composition: Reactions between olivine and chromite with implications for ultrahigh-pressure chromitites
  29. Letter
  30. A novel carbon bonding environment in deep mantle high-pressure dolomite
  31. Letter
  32. Structuration under pressure: Spatial separation of inserted water during pressure-induced hydration in mesolite
  33. Book Review
  34. Book Review: The International Atlas of Mars Exploration: From Spirit to Curiosity
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6116
Keywords for this article
Glass; infrared; Mars; Hawaii; Earth Analogs for Martian Geological Materials; Processes

Articles in the same Issue

  2. The third isotope of the third element on the third planet
  4. Visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectral characterization of Hawaiian fumarolic alteration near Kilauea’s December 1974 flow: Implications for spectral discrimination of alteration environments on Mars
  6. Magnetite-apatite deposit from Sri Lanka: Implications on Kiruna-type mineralization associated with ultramafic intrusion and mantle metasomatism
  8. The ore-forming magmatic-hydrothermal system of the Piaotang W-Sn deposit (Jiangxi, China) as seen from Li-mica geochemistry
  10. Chlorine incorporation into amphibole and biotite in high-grade iron-formations: Interplay between crystallography and metamorphic fluids
  12. Depth of formation of super-deep diamonds: Raman barometry of CaSiO3-walstromite inclusions
  14. Microtexture investigation of amblygonite–montebrasite series with lacroixite: Characteristics and formation process in pegmatites
  16. Sound velocity measurements of hcp Fe-Si alloy at high pressure and high temperature by inelastic X-ray scattering
  18. New insights into the metallogeny of MVT Zn-Pb deposits: A case study from the Nayongzhi in South China, using field data, fluid compositions, and in situ S-Pb isotopes
  20. Slow weathering of a sandstone-derived Podzol (Falkland Islands) resulting in high content of a non-crystalline silicate
  22. Mineralogy, paragenesis, and mineral chemistry of REEs in the Olserum-Djupedal REE-phosphate mineralization, SE Sweden
  24. Leesite, K(H2O)2[(UO2)4O2(OH)5]·3H2O, a new K-bearing schoepite-family mineral from the Jomac mine, San Juan County, Utah, U.S.A
  26. Chromium-bearing phases in the Earth’s mantle: Evidence from experiments in the Mg2SiO4–MgCr2O4 system at 10–24 GPa and 1600 °C
  27. Crossroads in Earth and Planetary Materials
  28. High-pressure phase transitions in MgCr2O4·Mg2SiO4 composition: Reactions between olivine and chromite with implications for ultrahigh-pressure chromitites
  29. Letter
  30. A novel carbon bonding environment in deep mantle high-pressure dolomite
  31. Letter
  32. Structuration under pressure: Spatial separation of inserted water during pressure-induced hydration in mesolite
  33. Book Review
  34. Book Review: The International Atlas of Mars Exploration: From Spirit to Curiosity
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