Home Physical Sciences Titanite major and trace element compositions as petrogenetic and metallogenic indicators of Mo ore deposits: Examples from four granite plutons in the southern Yidun arc, SW China
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Titanite major and trace element compositions as petrogenetic and metallogenic indicators of Mo ore deposits: Examples from four granite plutons in the southern Yidun arc, SW China

  • Li-Chuan Pan , Rui-Zhong Hu EMAIL logo , Xian-Wu Bi , Chusi Li , Xin-Song Wang and Jing-Jing Zhu
Published/Copyright: August 28, 2018
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

Major, minor, and trace element abundances in titanite crystals from four granitic plutons in southern Yidun arc, SW China, have been determined using electron microprobe and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The selected plutons are the Cretaceous Xiuwacu (CXWC) pluton, with quartz vein-type Mo mineralization (economic-Mo), the Tongchanggou (TCG) pluton, with porphyry-type Mo mineralization (economic-Mo), the Triassic Pulang (PL) pluton, with porphyry-type Cu mineralization (subeconomic-Mo), and the Triassic Xiuwacu (TXWC) pluton, without any Mo mineralization (Mo-barren). Our study reveals that the chemical compositions of titanite crystals from these plutons such as REE, Sr, Ga, δEu, δCe, Fe2O3/Al2O3, halogens, and Mo can be used to track magma compositions, oxidation states, metal fertility, and crystallization history. The data from this study also show that titanite crystals from these plutons with different potential of Mo mineralization have similar Mo contents and exhibit an irregular variation between Mo and Sr abundances (indicating non-Mo enrichment in the residual melt during the progressive crystallization) for some Mo-mineralized plutons. Our new observations support the recent hypothesis that high initial Mo contents in magma and the enrichment of Mo in residual melts formed by fractional crystallization are not the only requirements to form a granite-related Mo ore deposit. Efficient extraction of the residual melts, possibly facilitated by high concentrations of magmatic F is also critical to the ore formation. Evidence for high-F concentration in felsic magma, which facilitates melt and fluid separation and economic Mo mineralization during magma evolution, may be traced by the presence of F-rich titanite crystals in the two Mo-mineralized granite plutons (CXWC and TCG). These new findings from this study confirm that titanite is indeed a good petrogenetic and metallogenic indicator. However, in light of the limited contribution of metal fertility to Mo mineralization, we suggest that titanite Mo concentrations should be used along with other crucial proxies, such as titanite F contents and Fe2O3/Al2O3 ratios to better evaluate the Mo-mineralized potential of granites.

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB18000000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41703050), the CAS/SAFEA international Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams (Intraplate Mineralization Research Team; KZZD-EW-TZ-20) and the national Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0600503). We thank Zhi-Hui Dai and Chong-Yin Li for their assistance in titanite trace element analysis by LA-ICP-MS, Wen-Qin Zheng for her assistance in titanite chemical analysis by EPMA, and Jing Hu and Guang-Ping Bao for their assistance in whole-rock chemical analysis by XRF and ICP-MS. Comments from the reviewers and detailed revision guidance from Associate Editor Celestine Mercer are greatly

References cited

Agangi, A., Kamenetsky, V.S., and McPhie, J. (2010) The role of fluorine in the concentration and transport of lithophile trace elements in felsic magmas: insights from the Gawler Range Volcanics, South Australia. Chemical Geology, 273, 314–325.10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.03.008Search in Google Scholar

Aleinikoff, J.N., Wintsch, R.P., Fanning, C.M., and Dorais, M.J. (2002) U-Pb geochronology of zircon and polygenetic titanite from the Glastonbury Complex, Connecticut, USA: an integrated SEM, EMPA, TIMS, and SHRIMP study. Chemical Geology, 188, 125–147.10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00076-1Search in Google Scholar

Aleksandrov, S.M., and Troneva, M.A. (2007) Composition, mineral assemblages, and genesis of titanite and malayaite in skarns. Geochemistry International, 45, 1012–1024.10.1134/S0016702907100059Search in Google Scholar

Anand, R., and Balakrishman, S. (2011) Geochemical and Sm-Nd isotopic study of titanite from granitoid rocks of the eastern Dharwar craton, southern India. Journal of Earth System Science, 120, 237–251.10.1007/s12040-011-0045-xSearch in Google Scholar

Audėtat, A., Dolejš, D., and Lowenstern, J.B. (2011) Molybdenite saturation in silicic magmas: occurrence and petrological implications. Journal of Petrology, 52, 891–904.10.1093/petrology/egr008Search in Google Scholar

Ayers, J.C., and Watson, E.B. (1993) Apatite/fluid partitioning of rare earth elements and strontium: experimental results at 1.0 GPa and 1000°C and application to models of fluid–rock interaction. Chemical Geology, 110, 299–314.10.1016/0009-2541(93)90259-LSearch in Google Scholar

Bachmann, O., Dungan, M.A., and Bussy, F. (2005) Insights into shallow magmatic processes in large silicic magma bodies: the trace element record in the Fish Canyon magma body, Colorado. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 43, 1469–1503.10.1007/s00410-005-0653-zSearch in Google Scholar

Ballard, J.R., Palin, J.M., and Campbell, I.H. (2002) Relative oxidation states of magmas inferred from Ce(IV)/Ce(III) in zircon: application to porphyry copper deposits of northern Chile. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 144, 347–364.10.1007/s00410-002-0402-5Search in Google Scholar

Bernau, V.R., and Franz, G. (1987) Crystal chemistry and genesis of Nb-, V- and Al-rich metamorphic titanite from Egypt and Greece. Canadian Mineralogist, 25, 695–705.Search in Google Scholar

Bi, X.W., Cornell, D.H., and Hu, R.Z. (2002) REE composition of primary and altered feldspar from the mineralized alteration zone of alkali-rich intrusive rocks, Western Yunnan Province, China. Ore Geology Reviews, 19, 69–78.10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00034-8Search in Google Scholar

Brooks, C.K., Henderson, P., and Ronsbo, J.G. (1981) Rare-earth partition between allanite and glass in the obsidian of Sandy Braes, Northern Ireland. Mineralogical Magazine, 44, 157–160.10.1180/minmag.1981.044.334.07Search in Google Scholar

Bruand, E., Storey, C., and Fowler, M. (2014) Accessory mineral chemistry of high Ba-Sr granites from northern Scotland: constraints on petrogenesis and records of whole-rock signature. Journal of Petrology, 55, 1619–1651.10.1093/petrology/egu037Search in Google Scholar

Buick, I.S., Hermann, J., Mass, R., and Gibson, R.L. (2007) The timing of subsolidus hydrothermal alteration in the Central Zone, Limpopo Belt (South Africa): constraints from titanite U-Pb geochronology and REE partitioning. Lithos, 98, 97–117.10.1016/j.lithos.2007.02.002Search in Google Scholar

Candela, P.A. (1986) Toward a thermodynamic model for the halogens in magmatic systems: An application to melt-vapor-apatite equilibria. Chemical Geology, 57, 289–301.10.1016/0009-2541(86)90055-0Search in Google Scholar

Candela, P.A. (1992) Controls on ore metal ratios in granite-related ore systems: an experimental and computational approach. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Earth Sciences, 83, 317–326.10.1130/SPE272-p317Search in Google Scholar

Carmichael, I.S.E., and Nicholls, J. (1967) Iron-titanium oxides and oxygen fugacities in volcanic rocks. Journal of Geophysical Research, 72, 4665–4687.10.1029/JZ072i018p04665Search in Google Scholar

Carswell, D.A., Wilson, R.N., and Zhai, M. (1996) Ultra-high pressure aluminous titanite in carbonate-bearing eclogites at Ahuanghe in Dabieshan, central China. Mineralogical Magazine, 60, 461–471.10.1180/minmag.1996.060.400.07Search in Google Scholar

Cempírek, J., Houzar, S., and Novák, M. (2008) Complexly zoned niobian titanite from hedenbergite skarn at Písek, Czech Republic, constrained by substitutions Al(Nb, Ta) Ti–2, Al(F, OH)(TiO)–1 and SnTi–1. Mineralogical Magazine, 72, 1293–1305.10.1180/minmag.2008.072.6.1293Search in Google Scholar

Cérny, P., Novák, M., and Chapman, R. (1995) The Al(Nb, Ta)Ti(in–2) substitution in titanite: the emergence of a new species? Mineralogy and Petrology, 52, 61–73.10.1007/BF01163126Search in Google Scholar

Che, X.D., Linnen, R.L., Wang, R.C., Groat, L.A., and Brand, A.A. (2013) Distribution of trace and rare earth elements in titanite from tungsten and molybdenum deposits in Yukon and British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist, 51, 415–438.10.3749/canmin.51.3.415Search in Google Scholar

Chen, Y.X., Zheng, Y.F., and Hu, Z.C. (2013) Polyphase growth of accessory minerals during continental collision: geochemical evidence from ultrahigh-preesure metamophic gneisses in the Sulu orogen. Lithos, 177, 245–267.10.1016/j.lithos.2013.07.010Search in Google Scholar

Corfu, F., and Muir, T. (1989) The Hemlo-Heron Bay greenstone belt and Hemlo Au-Mo deposit, Superior Province, Ontario, Canada 2. Timing of metamorphism, alteration and Au mineralization from titanite, rutile, and monazite U-Pb geochronology. Chemical Geology, 79, 201–223.10.1016/0168-9622(89)90030-4Search in Google Scholar

Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., and Zussman, J. (1982) Rock forming minerals. Orthosilicates, 1A. Longman, London.Search in Google Scholar

Enami, M., Suzuki, K., Liou, J.G., and Bird, D.K. (1993) Al-Fe3+ and F-OH substitutions in titanite and constraints on their P-T dependence. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5, 219–231.10.1127/ejm/5/2/0219Search in Google Scholar

Essex, R.M., and Gromet, L.P. (2000) U-Pb dating of prograde and retrograde titanite growth during the Scandian Orogeny. Geology, 28, 419–422.10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<419:UDOPAR>2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Ferry, M., and Watson, E.B. (2007) New thermodynamic models and revised calibrations for Ti-in-zircon and Zr-in-rutile thermometers. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 154, 429–437.10.1007/s00410-007-0201-0Search in Google Scholar

Franz, G., and Spear, F.S. (1985) Aluminous titanite (sphene) from the eclogite zone, south-central Tauern Window, Austria. Chemical Geology, 50, 33–46.10.1016/0009-2541(85)90110-XSearch in Google Scholar

Frei, D., Liebscher, A., Wittenberg, A., and Shaw, C.S.L. (2003) Crystal chemical controls on rare earth element partitioning between epidote-group minerals and melts: an experimental and theoretical study. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 146, 192–204.10.1007/s00410-003-0493-7Search in Google Scholar

Frost, B.R., Chamberlain, K.R., and Schumacher, J.C. (2000) Sphene (titanite): Phase relations and role as a geochronometer. Chemical Geology, 172, 131–148.10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00240-0Search in Google Scholar

Gao, X.Y., Zheng, Y.F., Chen, Y.X., and Guo, J.L. (2012) Geochemical and U-Pb age constraints on the occurrence of polygenetic titanite in UHP metagranite in the Dabie orogen. Lithos, 136-139, 93–108.10.1016/j.lithos.2011.03.020Search in Google Scholar

Gieré, R., and Sorensen, S. (2004) Allanite and other REE-rich epidote-group minerals. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 56, 431–493.10.2138/gsrmg.56.1.431Search in Google Scholar

Glazner, A.F., Coleman, D.S., and Bartley, J.M. (2008) The tenuous connection between high-silica rhyolites and granodiorite plutons. Geology, 36, 183–186.10.1130/G24496A.1Search in Google Scholar

Green, T.H., and Pearson, N.J. (1986) Rare-earth element partitioning between sphene and coexisting silicate liquid at high-pressure and temperature. Chemical Geology, 55, 105–119.10.1016/0009-2541(86)90131-2Search in Google Scholar

Gunow, A.J., Ludington, S., and Munoz, J.L. (1980) Fluorine in micas from the Henderson molybdenite deposit, Colorado. Economic Geology, 75, 1127–1137.10.2113/gsecongeo.75.8.1127Search in Google Scholar

Haas, J.R., Shock, E.L., and Sassani, D.C. (1995) Rare earth elements in hydrothermal systems: Estimates of standard partial molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous complexes of the rare earth elements at high pressures and temperatures. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 4329–4350.10.1016/0016-7037(95)00314-PSearch in Google Scholar

Hayden, L., Watson, E.B., and Wark, D.A. (2008) A thermobarometer for sphene (titanite). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 155, 529–540.10.1007/s00410-007-0256-ySearch in Google Scholar

Higgins, J.B., and Ribbe, P.H. (1976) The crystal chemistry and space groups of natural and synthetic titanites. American Mineralogist, 61, 878–888.Search in Google Scholar

Holtz, F., Digwell, D.B., and Behrens, H. (1993) Effect of F, B2O3 and P2O5 on the solubility of water in haplogranite melt compared to natural silicate melts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 113, 492–501.10.1007/BF00698318Search in Google Scholar

Icenhower, J., and London, D. (1996) Experimental partitioning of Rb, Cs, Sr, and Ba between alkali feldspar and peraluminous melt. American Mineralogist, 81, 719–734.10.2138/am-1996-5-619Search in Google Scholar

Jiang, P., Yang, K.F., Fan, H.R., Liu, X., Cai, Y.C., and Yang, Y.H. (2016) Titanite-scale insight into multi-stage magma mixing in Early Cretaceous of NW Jiaodong terrane, North China Craton. Lithos, 258-259, 197–214.10.1016/j.lithos.2016.04.028Search in Google Scholar

Keppler, H. (1993) Influence of fluorine on the enrichment of high field strength trace elements in granitic rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114, 479–488.10.1007/BF00321752Search in Google Scholar

King, P.L., Sham, T.K., Gordon, R.A., and Dyar, M.D. (2013) Microbeam X-ray analysis of Ce3+/Ce4+ in Ti-rich minerals: A case study with titanite (sphene) with implications for multivalent trace element substitution in minerals. American Mineralogist, 98, 110–119.10.2138/am.2013.3959Search in Google Scholar

Knoche, R., Angel, R.J., Seifert, F., and Fliervoet, T.F. (1998) Complete substitution of Si for Ti in titanite Ca(Ti1-xSix)VISiIVO5. American Mineralogist, 83, 1168–1175.10.2138/am-1998-11-1204Search in Google Scholar

Leng, C.B., Huang, Q.Y., Zhang, X.C., Wang, S.X., Zhong, H., Hu, R.Z., Bi, X.W., Zhu, J.J., and Wang, X.S. (2014) Petrogenesis of the Late Triassic volcanic rocks in the Southern Yidun arc, SW China: Constraints from the geochronology, geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes. Lithos, 190-191, 363–382.10.1016/j.lithos.2013.12.018Search in Google Scholar

Lerchbaumer, L., and Audėtat, A. (2013) The metal content of silicate melts and aqueous fluids in subeconomically Mo mineralized granites: implications for porphyry Mo genesis. Economic Geology, 108, 987–1013.10.2113/econgeo.108.5.987Search in Google Scholar

Li, W.C. (2007) The tectonic evolution of the Yidun Island Arc and the metallogenic model of the Pulang porphyry copper deposit, Yunnan SW China, Ph.D. Thesis. China University of Geosciences, Beijing.Search in Google Scholar

Li, J.K., Li, W.C., Wang, D.H., Lu, Y.X., Yin, G.H., and Xue, S.R. (2007) Re-Os dating for ore-forming event in the late of Yanshan Epoch and research of ore-forming regularity in Zhongdian arc. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 23, 2415–2422.Search in Google Scholar

Li, J.W., Deng, X.D., Zhou, M.F., Liu, Y.S., Zhao, X.F., and Guo, J.L. (2010) Laser ablation ICP-MS titanite U-TH-Pb dating of hydrothermal ore deposits: A case study of the Tonglushan Cu-Fe-Au skarn deposit, SE Hubei Province, China. Chemical Geology, 270, 56–67.10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.11.005Search in Google Scholar

Li, W.C., Yin, G.H., Yu, H.J., and Liu, X.L. (2014) The Yanshanian granites and associated Mo polymetallic mineralization in the Xiangcheng-Luoji area of the Sanjiang-Yangtze conjunction zone in Southwest China. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition, 88, 1742–1756.10.1111/1755-6724.12341Search in Google Scholar

Liu, Y.S., Hu, Z.C., Gao, S., Gunther, D., Xu, J., Gao, C.G., and Chen, H.H. (2008) In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard. Chemical Geology, 257, 34–43.10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.004Search in Google Scholar

Liu, X.L., Li, W.C., Yang, F.C., Zhang, N., Yan, T.L., and Luo, Y. (2017) Zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotopic composition of the two-period magmatism of the Xiuwacu Mo-W-Cu deposit in the Geza arc belt, Yunnan and their tectonic significance. Acta Geologica Sinica, 91, 849–863.Search in Google Scholar

Lowenstern, J.B., Mahood, G.A., Hervig, R.L., and Sparks, J. (1993) The occurrence and distribution of Mo and molybdenite in un-altered peralkaline rhyolites from Pantelleria, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114, 119–129.10.1007/BF00307869Search in Google Scholar

Lucassen, F., Franz, G., Dulski, P., Romer, R.L., and Rhede, D. (2011) Element and Sr isotope signature of titanite as indicator of variable fluid composition in hydrated eclogite. Lithos, 121, 12–24.10.1016/j.lithos.2010.09.018Search in Google Scholar

Maniar, P.D., and Piccoli, P.M. (1989) Tectonic discrimination of granitoids. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 101, 635.10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0635:TDOG>2.3.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Markl, G., and Piazolo, S. (1999) Stability of high-Al titanite from low-pressure calc-silicates in light of fluid and host rock composition. American Mineralogist, 84, 37–47.10.2138/am-1999-1-204Search in Google Scholar

Marks, M.A.W., Coulson, I.M., Schilling, J., Dorrit, E.J., Schmitt, A.K., and Markl, G. (2008) The effect of titanite and other HFSE-rich mineral (Ti-bearing andradite, zircon, eudialyte) fractionation on the geochemical evolution of silicate melts. Chemical Geology, 257, 153–172.10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.09.002Search in Google Scholar

Mayanovic, R.A., Anderson, A.J., Bassett, W.A., and Chou, I.M. (2009) Steric hindrance and the enhanced stability of light rare-earth elements in hydrothermal fluids. American Mineralogist, 94, 1487–1490.10.2138/am.2009.3250Search in Google Scholar

Meng, J.Y. (2014) The porphyry copper-polymetallic deposit in Zhongdian, West Yunnan: magmatism and mineralization. Ph.D. thesis, China University of Geosciences, Beijing.Search in Google Scholar

Mercer, C.N., Hofstra, A.H., Todorov, T.I., Julie Roberge, J., Burgisser, A., Adams, D.T., and Cosca, M. (2015) Pre-eruptive conditions of the Hideaway Park topaz rhyolite: Insights into metal source and evolution of magma parental to the Henderson Porphyry Molybdenum Deposit, Colorado. Journal of Petrology, 56, 645–679.10.1093/petrology/egv010Search in Google Scholar

Middlemost, E.A.K. (1994) Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth-Science Reviews, 37, 215–224.10.1016/0012-8252(94)90029-9Search in Google Scholar

Nakada, S. (1991) Magmatic processes in titanite-bearing dacites, central Andes of Chile and Bolivia. American Mineralogist, 76, 548–560.Search in Google Scholar

Oberti, R., Smith, D.C., Rossi, G., and Caucia, F. (1991) The crystal chemistry of high aluminium titanites. European Journal of Mineralogy, 3, 777–792.10.1127/ejm/3/5/0777Search in Google Scholar

Olin, P.H., and Wolff, J.A. (2012) Partitioning of rare earth and high field strength elements between titanite and phonolitic liquid. Lithos, 128-131, 46–54.10.1016/j.lithos.2011.10.007Search in Google Scholar

Pang, Z.S., Du, Y.S., Cao, Y., Gao, F.P., Wang, G.W., and Dong, Q. (2014) Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Pulang Complex, Yunnan Province. China. Journal of Earth System Science, 123, 875–885.10.1007/s12040-014-0429-9Search in Google Scholar

Papapavlou, K., Darling, J.R., Storey, C.D., Lightfoot, P.C., Moser, D.E., and Lasallea, S. (2017) Dating shear zones with plastically deformed titanite: New insights into the orogenic evolution of the Sudbury impact structure (Ontario, Canada). Precambrian Research, 291, 220–235.10.1016/j.precamres.2017.01.007Search in Google Scholar

Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W., and Tindle, A.G. (1984) Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25, 956–983.10.1093/petrology/25.4.956Search in Google Scholar

Peng, T.P., Zhao, G.H., Fan, W.M., Peng, B.X., and Mao, Y.H. (2015) Late Triassic granitic magmatism in the Eastern Qiangtang, Eastern Tibetan Plateau: Geochronology, petrogenesis and implications for the tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Tethys. Gondwana Research, 27, 1494–1508.10.1016/j.gr.2014.01.009Search in Google Scholar

Piccoli, P., Candela, P., and Rivers, M. (2000) Interpreting magmatic processes from accessory phases: titanite—a small-scale recorder of large-scale processes. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 91, 257–267.10.1130/0-8137-2350-7.257Search in Google Scholar

Pidgeon, R.T., Bosch, D., and Bruguier, O. (1996) Inherited zircon and titanite O-Pb in Archean syenite from southwestern Australia: Implications for U-Pb stability of titanite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 141, 187–198.10.1016/0012-821X(96)00068-4Search in Google Scholar

Prowatke, S., and Klemme, S. (2005) Effect of melt composition on the partitioning of trace elements between titanite and silicate melt. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69, 695–709.10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.037Search in Google Scholar

Prowatke, S., and Klemme, S. (2006) Rare earth element partitioning between titanite and silicate melts: Henry’s law revisited. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 4997–5012.10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.016Search in Google Scholar

Qi, L., Hu, J., and Gregoire, D.C. (2000) Determination of trace elements in granites by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Talanta, 51, 507–513.10.1016/S0039-9140(99)00318-5Search in Google Scholar

Ren, M.H. (2004) Partitioning of Sr, Ba, Rb, Y, and LREE between alkali feldspar and peraluminous silicic magma. American Mineralogist, 89, 1290–1303.10.2138/am-2004-8-918Search in Google Scholar

Ribbe, P.H. (1980) Titanite. Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry, 5, 137–154.Search in Google Scholar

Richards, J.P. (2015) The oxidation state, and sulfur and Cu contents of arc magmas: implications for metallogeny. Lithos, 233, 27–45.10.1016/j.lithos.2014.12.011Search in Google Scholar

Selvig, L.K., Inn, K.G.W., Outola, I.M.J., Kurosaki, H., and Lee, K.A. (2005) Dissolution of resistate minerals containing uranium and thorium: Environmental implications. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 263, 341–348.10.1007/s10967-005-0060-ySearch in Google Scholar

Sun, S.S., and McDonough, W.F. (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. Geological Society Special Publication, 42, 313–345.10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19Search in Google Scholar

Tiepolo, M., Oberti, R., and Vannucci, R. (2002) Trace element incorporation in titanite: constraints from experimentally determined solid/liquid partition coefficients. Chemical Geology, 191, 105–119.10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00151-1Search in Google Scholar

Trail, D., Watson, E.B., and Tailby, N.D. (2012) Ce and Eu anomalies in zircon as proxies for the oxidation state of magmas. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 97, 70–87.10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.032Search in Google Scholar

Troitzsch, U., and Ellis, D.J. (2002) Thermodynamic properties and stability of AlF-bearing titanite CaTiSiO5-CaAlFSiO4. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 142, 543–563.10.1007/s004100100309Search in Google Scholar

Tropper, P., and Manning, C.E. (2008) The current status of titanite-rutile thermobarometry in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks: The influence of titanite activity models on phase equilibrium calculations. Chemical Geology, 254, 123–132.10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.03.010Search in Google Scholar

Tu, X.L., Zhang, H., Deng, W.F., Ling, M.X., Liang, H.Y., Liu, Y., and Sun, W.D. (2011) Application for RESOlution in-situ laser ablation ICP-MS in trace element analyses. Geochimica, 40, 83–98.Search in Google Scholar

Vuorinen, J.H., and Halenius, U. (2005) Nb-, Zr- and LREE-rich titanite from the Alnö alkaline complex: crystal chemistry and its importance as petrogenetic indicator. Lithos, 83, 128–142.10.1016/j.lithos.2005.01.008Search in Google Scholar

Wallace, P.J., Plank, T., Edmonds, M., and Hauri, E.H. (2015) Chapter 7: Volatiles in magmas. The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, 163–183.10.1016/B978-0-12-385938-9.00007-9Search in Google Scholar

Wang, B.Q., Zhou, M.F., Li, J.W., and Yan, D.P. (2011) Late Triassic porphyritic intrusions and associated volcanic rocks from the Shangri-La region, Yidun terrane, Eastern Tibetan Plateau: adakitic magmatism and porphyry copper mineralization. Lithos, 127, 24–38.10.1016/j.lithos.2011.07.028Search in Google Scholar

Wang, R.C., Xie, L., Chen, L., Yu, A.P., Wang, L.B., Lu, J.J., and Zhu, J.C. (2013) Tin-carrier minerals in metaluminous granites of the western Nanling Range (southern China): Constraints on processes of tin mineralization in oxidized granite. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 74, 361–372.10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.11.029Search in Google Scholar

Wang, X.S., Bi, X.W., Leng, C.B., Zhong, H., Tang, H.F., Chen, Y.W., Yin, G.H., Huang, D.Z., and Zhou, M.F. (2014a) Geochronology and geochemistry of Late Cretaceous igneous intrusions and Mo-Cu-(W) mineralization in the southern Yidun arc, SW China: implications for metallogenesis and geodynamic setting. Ore Geology Reviews, 61, 73–95.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.01.006Search in Google Scholar

Wang, X.S., Hu, R.Z., Bi, X.W., Leng, C.B., Pan, L.C., Zhu, J.J., and Chen, Y.W. (2014b) Petrogenesis of late Cretaceous I-type granites in the southern Yidun terrane: new constraints on the Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Lithos, 208-209, 202–219.10.1016/j.lithos.2014.08.016Search in Google Scholar

Wang, X.S., Bi, X.W., Hu, R.Z., Leng, C.B., Yu, H.J., and Yin, G.H. (2015) S-Pb isotopic geochemistry of Xiuwacu magmatic hydrothermal Mo-W deposit in Zhongdian area, NW Yunnan: constrains on the sources of metal. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 31, 3171–3188.Search in Google Scholar

Warner, S., Martin, R.F., Abdel-Rahman, A.-F.M., and Doig, R. (1998) Apatite as a monitor of fractionation, degassing, and metamorphism in the Sudbury igneous complex, Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 981–999.Search in Google Scholar

Watson, E.B., and Green, T.H. (1981) Apatite/liquid partition coefficients for the rare earth elements and strontium. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 56, 405–421.10.1016/0012-821X(81)90144-8Search in Google Scholar

Webb, P.C., Tindle, A.G., and Ixer, R.A. (1992) W-Sn-Mo-Bi-Ag mineralization associated with Zinnwaldite-bearing granite from Glen Gairn, Scotland. Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Applied Earth Science, 101, 59–72.Search in Google Scholar

Webster, J.D., and Holloway, J.R. (1990) Partitioning of F and Cl between magmatic hydrothermal fluids and highly evolved granite magmas. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 246, 21–34.10.1130/SPE246-p21Search in Google Scholar

White, J.C. (2003) Trace-element partitioning between alkali feldspar and peralkalic qurtz trachyte to rhyolite magma. Part II: Empirical equations for calculating trace-element partition coefficients of large-ion lithophile, high field-strength, and rare-earth elements. American Mineralogist, 88, 330–337.10.2138/am-2003-2-310Search in Google Scholar

White, J.C., Holt, G.S., Oarker, D.F., and Ren, M.H. (2003) Trace-element partitioning between alkali feldspar and peralkalic quartz trachyte to rhyolite magma. Part I: Systematics of trace-element partitioning. American Mineralogist, 88, 316–329.10.2138/am-2003-2-309Search in Google Scholar

Wolff, J.A. (1984) Variation in Nb/Ta during differentiation of phonolitic magma, Tenerife, Canary Islands. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 1345–1348.10.1016/0016-7037(84)90067-XSearch in Google Scholar

Wolff, J.A., and Storey, M. (1984) Zoning in highly alkaline magma bodies. Geological Magazine, 121, 563–575.10.1017/S0016756800030715Search in Google Scholar

Wones, D.R. (1989) Significance of the assemblage titanite+magnetite+quartz in granitic rocks. American Mineralogist, 74, 744–749.Search in Google Scholar

Xie, L., Wang, R.C., Chen, J., and Zhu, J.C. (2010) Mineralogical evidence for magmatic and hydrothermal processes in the Qitianling oxidized tin-bearing granite (Hunan, South China): EMP and (MC)-LA-ICPMS investigations of three types of titanite. Chemical Geology, 276, 53–68.10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.05.020Search in Google Scholar

Xu, L.L., Bi, X.W., Hu, R.Z., Tang, Y.Y., Wang, X.S., and Xu, Y. (2015) LA-ICP-MS mineral chemistry of titanite and the geological implications for exploration of porphyry Cu deposits in the Jinshajiang-Red River alkaline igneous belt, SW China. Mineralogy and Petrology, 109, 181–200.10.1007/s00710-014-0359-xSearch in Google Scholar

Yu, H.J., and Li, W.C. (2014) Geological characteristics of Tongchanggou superlarge molybdenum polymetallic deposit of Yidun arc in Sanjiang region, China. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition, 88, 639–640.10.1111/1755-6724.12374_67Search in Google Scholar

Yu, H.J., Li, W.C., Yin, G.H., Wang, J.H., Jiang, W.T., Wu, S., and Tang, Z. (2015) Geochronology, geochemistry and geological significance of the intrusion from the Tongchanggou Mo-Cu deposit, Northwestern Yunnan. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 31, 3217–3233.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, D., and Audėtat, A. (2016) What caused the formation of the giant Bingham Canyon porphyry Cu-Mo-Au Deposit? Insights from melt inclusions and magmatic sulfides. Economic Geology, 112, 221–244.10.2113/econgeo.112.2.221Search in Google Scholar

Zu, B., Xue, C.J., Zhao, X.B., Li, C., Zhao, Y., Yalikun, Y., Zhang, G.Z., and Zhao, Y. (2016) Geology, geochronology and geochemistry of granitic intrusions and the related ores at the Hongshan Cu-polymetallic deposit: Insights into the Late Cretaceous post-collisional porphyry-related mineralization systems in the southern Yidun arc, SW China. Ore Geology Reviews, 77, 25–42.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.02.002Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2017-06-23
Accepted: 2018-05-11
Published Online: 2018-08-28
Published in Print: 2018-09-25

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. The tales of disequilibrium and equilibrium crystallization of rare metal minerals: Data from new experiments
  3. Pressure, temperature, water content, and oxygen fugacity dependence of the Mg grain-boundary diffusion coefficient in forsterite
  4. Questioning the biogenicity of Neoproterozoic superheavy pyrite by SIMS
  5. The effect of disequilibrium crystallization on Nb-Ta fractionation in pegmatites: Constraints from crystallization experiments of tantalite-tapiolite
  6. Titanite major and trace element compositions as petrogenetic and metallogenic indicators of Mo ore deposits: Examples from four granite plutons in the southern Yidun arc, SW China
  7. Kuliginite, a new hydroxychloride mineral from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia: Implications for low-temperature hydrothermal alteration of the kimberlites
  8. Electron microprobe technique for the determination of iron oxidation state in silicate glasses
  9. Experimental investigation of F and Cl partitioning between apatite and Fe-rich basaltic melt at 0 GPa and 950–1050 °C: Evidence for steric controls on apatite-melt exchange equilibria in OH-poor apatite
  10. Carbonic acid monohydrate
  11. High spatial resolution analysis of the iron oxidation state in silicate glasses using the electron probe
  12. Disturbance of the Sm-Nd isotopic system by metasomatic alteration: A case study of fluorapatite from the Sin Quyen Cu-LREE-Au deposit, Vietnam
  13. Segerstromite, Ca3(As5+O4)2[As3+(OH)3]2, the first mineral containing As3+(OH)3, the arsenite molecule, from the Cobriza mine in the Atacama Region, Chile
  14. Vestaite, (Ti4+Fe2+) Ti34+ O9, a new mineral in the shocked eucrite Northwest Africa 8003
  15. Decomposition boundary from high-pressure clinoenstatite to wadsleyite + stishovite in MgSiO3
  16. Letter
  17. Making tissintite: Mimicking meteorites in the multi-anvil
  18. Book Review
Downloaded on 26.12.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.2138/am-2018-6224/html
Scroll to top button