Startseite Chlorine incorporation into amphibole and biotite in high-grade iron-formations: Interplay between crystallography and metamorphic fluids
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Chlorine incorporation into amphibole and biotite in high-grade iron-formations: Interplay between crystallography and metamorphic fluids

  • Darrell J. Henry EMAIL logo und Nicholas M. Daigle
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 2. Januar 2018
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 103 Heft 1

Abstract

Minor amounts of markedly Cl-rich amphibole and biotite are found in the Archean (2.8–2.9 Ga) iron-formation lithologies from the eastern Beartooth Mountains, Montana, U.S.A. These rocks are typified by mineral assemblages of quartz + magnetite + orthopyroxene + garnet ± clinopyroxene ± plagioclase having equilibrated during granulite facies conditions of ~775–800 °C and 6–8 kbar. The metamorphic Cl-rich amphibole and biotite are prograde and occur as inclusions in orthopyroxene and garnet as well as in the matrix. The high-grade Fe-rich amphiboles (mostly Cl-rich potassic-hastingsite and magnesio-ferri-hornblende) and biotites contain concentrations of Cl reaching up to 2.9 and 3.4 wt%, respectively. Biotites contain up to 10.5 wt% BaO and 6.9 wt% TiO2. Substitution of Cl into amphibole and biotite is more likely where Cl-bearing anion sites are enlarged. In amphibole threshold values of the XFe2+, AK, and TAl appear to be a precondition before significant amounts of Cl are incorporated into the structure. In biotite, in addition to XFe2+, substitution of TAl also is positively correlated with Cl. The high Cl content in the minerals is suggestive of a coexisting high salinity aqueous fluid. Based on calculations using mineral chemistry, estimations of the aqueous fluid composition indicate a Cl-rich aqueous fluid (~25 wt% NaCl)with fH2O/fHCl ratios of ~0.68–0.82. There is evidence for brine-CO2 immiscibility during peak metamorphism. In amphibole once the threshold values for significant Cl incorporation are attained, the Fe2+-Mg partitioning of the amphibole and the coexisting mafic silicates changes such that the amphibole more favorably partitions Fe2+. A feedback mechanism can be generated such that the more Cl available from a fluid the more Fe2+-rich the amphibole can become, and this produces a crystal structure that can accommodate more Cl, which makes this amphibole more favorable for Fe2+incorporation, and the cycle continues until Cl saturation in the crystal structures is reached or aqueous Cl–is fully equilibrated with the amphibole.

Keywords: Chlorine; iron-formation; amphibole; biotite; Archean

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge thoughtful reviews and comments by David Jenkins, Sarah Penniston-Dorland, and an anonymous reviewer. Barb Dutrow is thanked for insisting on retrieving some of the key samples used in this study. Financial support for this project has been provided by several sources: National Science Foundation—NSF EAR 0609948 (D.H.), LSU Campanile Charities Inc. (D.H.), the Red River Desk and Derrick Club (N.D.), New Orleans Geologic Society (N.D.), and the Geologic Society of America Student Research Grant (N.D.).

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Received: 2017-3-19
Accepted: 2017-9-16
Published Online: 2018-1-2
Published in Print: 2018-1-26

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6143
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Chlorine; iron-formation; amphibole; biotite; Archean

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