Startseite Naturwissenschaften Extraterrestrial formation of oldhamite and portlandite through thermal metamorphism of calcite in the Sutter’s Mill carbonaceous chondrite
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Extraterrestrial formation of oldhamite and portlandite through thermal metamorphism of calcite in the Sutter’s Mill carbonaceous chondrite

  • Christopher W. Haberle EMAIL logo und Laurence A.J. Garvie
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 30. November 2017
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 102 Heft 12

Abstract

The CM and CI carbonaceous chondrites are typically dominated by phyllosilicates with variable proportions of tochilinite, anhydrous silicates, carbonates, sulfides, sulfates, oxides, and organic compounds. During thermal metamorphism the phyllosilicates dehydrate and decompose yielding water and olivine/enstatite. The thermal transformation of carbonate is less well understood, especially in the presence of volatile decomposition products, such as CO, CO2, SO2, H2S, and H2O. Here is described the mineralogical transformation of calcite (CaCO3) to oldhamite (CaS) and portlandite [Ca(OH)2] during extraterrestrial thermal metamorphism on the Sutter’s Mill parent body. Sutter’s Mill is a regolith breccia consisting of at least two lithologic components: phyllosilicate-calcite-bearing and anhydrous olivine-rich. Evidence suggests that the anhydrous stones were derived from extraterrestrial heating of the phyllosilicate-calcite-bearing material. One of only three Sutter’s Mill stones (SM3) collected prior to heavy rainfall over the recovery site is the focus of this study. Its powder X-ray diffraction patterns are dominated by olivine, with lesser enstatite, Fe-sulfides, magnetite, and oldhamite. Oldhamite is absent in the rained-on stones reflecting its water sensitivity and the pristine nature of SM3. Optical micrographs show whitish to bluish grains of oldhamite and portlandite embedded in dark, fine-grained matrix. The presence of abundant olivine and absence of phyllosilicates, tochilinite, and carbonate indicates that SM3 underwent heating to ~750 °C. At this temperature, calcite would have decomposed to lime (CaO). Volatilization experiments show that CO, CO2, SO2, and H2S evolve from CM and CI chondrites heated above 600 °C. Lime that formed through calcite decomposition would have reacted with these gases forming oldhamite under reducing conditions. Residual lime not converted to oldhamite, would have readily hydrated to portlandite, possibly through retrograde reactions during cooling on the parent body. These reactions have parallels to those in coal-fired electricity generating plants and provide an analogous system to draw comparison. Furthermore, the identification of these minerals, which are sensitive to terrestrial alteration, and determination of their formation is enabled only by the rapid collection of samples from an observed fall and their subsequent curation.

Keywords: Sutter’s Mill; portlandite; oldhamite; dehydration; dehydroxylation; sulfidation; thermal metamorphism; carbonaceous chondrite

Acknowledgments

We thank Alan Rubin, Tasha Dunn, and Steve Simon for constructive reviews greatly improving the clarity of this manuscript; Kenneth Domanik for his expertise and assistance with microprobe calibration and analysis; S.-H. Dan Shim, Kip Hodges, and Alyssa Anderson for access and assistance with the collection of Raman spectra and maps; Jim Bell and the S.C.O.R.P.I.U.N. lab for the use of their XRD and the ASU Center for Meteorite studies for access to pristine samples. L.A.J.G. was funded in part by NASA Emerging Worlds (EW) grant NNX17AE56G.

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Received: 2017-5-3
Accepted: 2017-7-28
Published Online: 2017-11-30
Published in Print: 2017-12-20

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
  2. Multiple-reaction geobarometry for olivine-bearing igneous rocks
  3. Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
  4. Eruption style and crystal size distributions: Crystallization of groundmass nanolites in the 2011 Shinmoedake eruption
  5. Special Collection: Nanominerals and Mineral Nanoparticles
  6. The nanocrystalline structure of basaluminite, an aluminum hydroxide sulfate from acid mine drainage
  8. Trace element zoning in hornblende: Tracking and modeling the crystallization of a calc-alkaline arc pluton
  10. Toward the wider application of 29Si NMR spectroscopy to paramagnetic transition metal silicate minerals: Copper(II) silicates
  12. Extraterrestrial formation of oldhamite and portlandite through thermal metamorphism of calcite in the Sutter’s Mill carbonaceous chondrite
  14. Age discordance and mineralogy
  16. Melting relations in the system CaCO3-MgCO3 at 6 GPa
  18. Electrical conductivity of mudstone (before and after dehydration at high P-T) and a test of high conductivity layers in the crust
  20. The solubility of CePO4 monazite and YPO4 xenotime in KCl-H2O fluids at 800 °C and 1.0 GPa: Implications for REE transport in high-grade crustal fluids
  22. Mineralogical, geochemical, and textural indicators of crystal accumulation in the Adamello Batholith (Northern Italy)
  24. Stability field of the Cl-rich scapolite marialite
  26. The equation of state of wadsleyite solid solutions: Constraining the effects of anisotropy and crystal chemistry
  28. An experimental approach to quantify the effect of tetrahedral boron in tourmaline on the boron isotope fractionation between tourmaline and fluid
  30. A qualitative and quantitative investigation of partitioning and local structure of arsenate in barite lattice during coprecipitation of barium, sulfate, and arsenate
  32. The origin of needle-like rutile inclusions in natural gem corundum: A combined EPMA, LA-ICP-MS, and nano-SIMS investigation—Discussion
  34. The origin of needle-like rutile inclusions in natural gem corundum: A combined EMPA, LA-ICP-MS, and nano-SIMS investigation—Reply
  36. New Mineral Names
  37. Errata
  38. Raman spectroscopy of water-rich stishovite and dense high-pressure silica up to 55 GPa
  39. Errata
  40. A new clinopyroxene-liquid barometer, and implications for magma storage pressures under Icelandic rift zones
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-6180
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Sutter’s Mill; portlandite; oldhamite; dehydration; dehydroxylation; sulfidation; thermal metamorphism; carbonaceous chondrite

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
  2. Multiple-reaction geobarometry for olivine-bearing igneous rocks
  3. Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
  4. Eruption style and crystal size distributions: Crystallization of groundmass nanolites in the 2011 Shinmoedake eruption
  5. Special Collection: Nanominerals and Mineral Nanoparticles
  6. The nanocrystalline structure of basaluminite, an aluminum hydroxide sulfate from acid mine drainage
  8. Trace element zoning in hornblende: Tracking and modeling the crystallization of a calc-alkaline arc pluton
  10. Toward the wider application of 29Si NMR spectroscopy to paramagnetic transition metal silicate minerals: Copper(II) silicates
  12. Extraterrestrial formation of oldhamite and portlandite through thermal metamorphism of calcite in the Sutter’s Mill carbonaceous chondrite
  14. Age discordance and mineralogy
  16. Melting relations in the system CaCO3-MgCO3 at 6 GPa
  18. Electrical conductivity of mudstone (before and after dehydration at high P-T) and a test of high conductivity layers in the crust
  20. The solubility of CePO4 monazite and YPO4 xenotime in KCl-H2O fluids at 800 °C and 1.0 GPa: Implications for REE transport in high-grade crustal fluids
  22. Mineralogical, geochemical, and textural indicators of crystal accumulation in the Adamello Batholith (Northern Italy)
  24. Stability field of the Cl-rich scapolite marialite
  26. The equation of state of wadsleyite solid solutions: Constraining the effects of anisotropy and crystal chemistry
  28. An experimental approach to quantify the effect of tetrahedral boron in tourmaline on the boron isotope fractionation between tourmaline and fluid
  30. A qualitative and quantitative investigation of partitioning and local structure of arsenate in barite lattice during coprecipitation of barium, sulfate, and arsenate
  32. The origin of needle-like rutile inclusions in natural gem corundum: A combined EPMA, LA-ICP-MS, and nano-SIMS investigation—Discussion
  34. The origin of needle-like rutile inclusions in natural gem corundum: A combined EMPA, LA-ICP-MS, and nano-SIMS investigation—Reply
  36. New Mineral Names
  37. Errata
  38. Raman spectroscopy of water-rich stishovite and dense high-pressure silica up to 55 GPa
  39. Errata
  40. A new clinopyroxene-liquid barometer, and implications for magma storage pressures under Icelandic rift zones
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