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Stability field of the Cl-rich scapolite marialite

  • Kaleo M.F. Almeida EMAIL logo and David M. Jenkins
Published/Copyright: November 30, 2017
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 102 Issue 12

Abstract

Scapolites are widespread rock-forming aluminosilicates, appearing in metasomatic and igneous environments, and metamorphic terrains. Marialite (Na4Al3Si9O24Cl) is the Cl-rich end-member of the group. Even though Cl-rich scapolite is presumably stable over a wide range of pressure and temperature, little is known about its stability field. Understanding Cl-rich scapolite paragenesis is important since it can help identify subsurface fluid flow, metamorphic, and isotopic equilibration. Due to its metasomatic nature Cl-rich scapolite is commonly reported in economic ore deposits, hence it is of critical interest to the mineral resource industries who seek to better understand processes contributing to mineralization. In this experimental study two reactions were investigated. (1) The anhydrous reaction of albite + halite to form marialite [3NaAlSi3O8 + NaCl = Na4Al3Si9O24Cl]. (2) The hydrothermal equivalent described by H2O + Na4Al3Si9O24Cl = 3NaAlSi3O8 + liquid, where the liquid is assumed to be a saline-rich hydrous-silicate melt. Experiments were performed using a piston-cylinder press and internally heated gas vessels. The temperature and pressure conditions range from 700–1050 °C and 0.5–2.0 GPa, respectively. The starting materials were synthetic phases including end-member marialite, high-albite, and halite. For reaction 1, marialite was found to be stable above 920 to 990 °C over a pressure range of 0.65 to 2.0 GPa, but unstable between 800 and 950 °C at pressures of 0.5 GPa and lower. For reaction 2, marialite was found to be very intolerant of water, requiring a minimum bulk brine salinity of approximately 0.8 mole fraction of NaCl at 1050 and 1000 °C at pressures of 2.0 and 1.5 GPa, respectively. From the location of reaction 1 in pressure-temperature space, thermochemical data for marialite were extracted. Values for the enthalpy of formation (ΔHf∘) and third-law entropy (S°) for marialite at 298 K and 1 atm have been calculated as −12 167.5 ± 1.5 kJ/mol and 0.7579 ± 0.002 kJ/K·mol, respectively, based on existing thermochemical data for high-albite and halite. The main implication of this study is that end-member marialite is only stable at temperatures greater than 920 °C and pressures equivalent to a minimum depth of 18 km under extremely dry conditions. These conditions are not generally realized in typical scapolite-bearing rocks, which occur at shallower-levels and in hydrothermal settings, which may be why pure marialite is rarely observed. This study is the first experimentally determined stability for end-member marialite and provides an important reference for quantifying the stability of Cl-rich scapolites found in nature.

Keywords: Scapolite; marialite; marialite stability; chlorine; chloride brine; albite
* Present address: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, U.S.A

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the very careful and insightful reviews of Christof Kusebauch, Johannes Hammerli, and Associate Editor Callum Hetherington resulting in a much more refined manuscript. David Collins assisted with the electron microprobe analyses. Thanks go to David Vanko for providing information on the synthesis of marialite. Financial support for this study comes from NSF grant EAR-1347463 to D.M.J.

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Received: 2017-3-5
Accepted: 2017-8-24
Published Online: 2017-11-30
Published in Print: 2017-12-20

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-6132
Keywords for this article
Scapolite; marialite; marialite stability; chlorine; chloride brine; albite

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
  2. Multiple-reaction geobarometry for olivine-bearing igneous rocks
  3. Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
  4. Eruption style and crystal size distributions: Crystallization of groundmass nanolites in the 2011 Shinmoedake eruption
  5. Special Collection: Nanominerals and Mineral Nanoparticles
  6. The nanocrystalline structure of basaluminite, an aluminum hydroxide sulfate from acid mine drainage
  8. Trace element zoning in hornblende: Tracking and modeling the crystallization of a calc-alkaline arc pluton
  10. Toward the wider application of 29Si NMR spectroscopy to paramagnetic transition metal silicate minerals: Copper(II) silicates
  12. Extraterrestrial formation of oldhamite and portlandite through thermal metamorphism of calcite in the Sutter’s Mill carbonaceous chondrite
  14. Age discordance and mineralogy
  16. Melting relations in the system CaCO3-MgCO3 at 6 GPa
  18. Electrical conductivity of mudstone (before and after dehydration at high P-T) and a test of high conductivity layers in the crust
  20. The solubility of CePO4 monazite and YPO4 xenotime in KCl-H2O fluids at 800 °C and 1.0 GPa: Implications for REE transport in high-grade crustal fluids
  22. Mineralogical, geochemical, and textural indicators of crystal accumulation in the Adamello Batholith (Northern Italy)
  24. Stability field of the Cl-rich scapolite marialite
  26. The equation of state of wadsleyite solid solutions: Constraining the effects of anisotropy and crystal chemistry
  28. An experimental approach to quantify the effect of tetrahedral boron in tourmaline on the boron isotope fractionation between tourmaline and fluid
  30. A qualitative and quantitative investigation of partitioning and local structure of arsenate in barite lattice during coprecipitation of barium, sulfate, and arsenate
  32. The origin of needle-like rutile inclusions in natural gem corundum: A combined EPMA, LA-ICP-MS, and nano-SIMS investigation—Discussion
  34. The origin of needle-like rutile inclusions in natural gem corundum: A combined EMPA, LA-ICP-MS, and nano-SIMS investigation—Reply
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  37. Errata
  38. Raman spectroscopy of water-rich stishovite and dense high-pressure silica up to 55 GPa
  39. Errata
  40. A new clinopyroxene-liquid barometer, and implications for magma storage pressures under Icelandic rift zones
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