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A new clinopyroxene-liquid barometer, and implications for magma storage pressures under Icelandic rift zones

  • David A. Neave EMAIL logo and Keith D. Putirka
Published/Copyright: April 3, 2017
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 102 Issue 4

Abstract

Pressure is one of the key variables that controls magmatic phase equilibria. However, estimating magma storage pressures from erupted products can be challenging. Various barometers have been developed over the past two decades that exploit the pressure-sensitive incorporation of jadeite (Jd) into clinopyroxene. These Jd-in-clinopyroxene barometers have been applied to rift zone magmas from Iceland, where published estimates of magma storage depths span the full thickness of the crust, and extend into the mantle. However, tests performed on commonly used clinopyroxene-liquid barometers with data from experiments on H2O-poor tholeiites in the 1 atm to 10 kbar range reveal substantial pressure-dependent inaccuracies, with some models overestimating pressures of experimental products equilibrated at 1 atm by up to 3 kbar. The pressures of closed-capsule experiments in the 1–5 kbar range are also overestimated, and such errors cannot be attributed to Na loss, as is the case in open furnace experiments. The following barometer was calibrated from experimental data in the 1 atm to 20 kbar range to improve the accuracy of Jd-in-clinopyroxene barometry at pressures relevant to magma storage in the crust:

P(kbar)=−26.27+39.16T(K)104lnXJdCpxXNaO0.5liqXAlO1.5liq(XSiO2liq)2−4.22ln⁡(XDiHdCpx)+78.43XAlO1.5liq+393.81(XNaO0.5liqXKO0.5liq)2

This new barometer accurately reproduces its calibration data with a standard error of estimate (SEE) of ±1.4 kbar, and is suitable for use on hydrous and anhydrous samples that are ultramafic to intermediate in composition, but should be used with caution below 1100 °C and at oxygen fugacities greater than one log unit above the QFM buffer. Tests performed using with data from experiments on H2O-poor tholeiites reveal that 1 atm runs were overestimated by less than the model precision (1.2 kbar); the new calibration is significantly more accurate than previous formulations. Many current estimates of magma storage pressures may therefore need to be reassessed. To this end, the new barometer was applied to numerous published clinopyroxene analyses from Icelandic rift zone tholeiites that were filtered to exclude compositions affected by poor analytical precision or collected from disequilibrium sector zones. Pressures and temperatures were then calculated using the new barometer in concert with Equation 33 from Putirka (2008). Putative equilibrium liquids were selected from a large database of Icelandic glass and whole-rock compositions using an iterative scheme because most clinopyroxene analyses were too primitive to be in equilibrium with their host glasses. High-Mg# clinopyroxenes from the highly primitive Borgarhraun eruption in north Iceland record a mean storage pressure in the lower crust (5.7 kbar). All other eruptions considered record mean pressures in the mid-crust, with primitive clinopyroxene populations recording slightly higher pressures (3.1–3.6 kbar) than evolved populations (2.6–2.8 kbar). Thus, while some magma processing takes place in the shallow crust immediately beneath Iceland’s central volcanoes, magma evolution under the island’s neovolcanic rift zones is dominated by mid-crustal processes.

Keywords: Thermobarometry; clinopyroxene-liquid equilibria; Iceland; magma plumbing

Acknowledgments

We thank Silvio Mollo and one anonymous reviewer for their helpful and constructive reviews, as well as Georg Zellmer for his efficient editorial handling. D.A.N. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.

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Received: 2016-9-27
Accepted: 2016-11-30
Published Online: 2017-4-3
Published in Print: 2017-4-1

© 2017 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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  3. Special Collection: Nanominerals and Mineral Nanoparticles
  4. Luogufengite: A new nano-mineral of Fe2O3 polymorph with giant coercive field
  5. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  6. Column anion arrangements in chemically zoned ternary chlorapatite and fluorapatite from Kurokura, Japan
  7. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  8. Magmatic graphite inclusions in Mn-Fe-rich fluorapatite of perphosphorus granites (the Belvís pluton, Variscan Iberian Belt)
  9. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  10. Barometric constraints based on apatite inclusions in garnet
  11. Special collection: Olivine
  12. A comparison of olivine-melt thermometers based on DMg and DNi: The effects of melt composition, temperature, and pressure with applications to MORBs and hydrous arc basalts
  13. Special collection: Dynamics of magmatic processes
  14. Water transfer during magma mixing events: Insights into crystal mush rejuvenation and melt extraction processes
  15. Special collection: Rates and depths of magma ascent on earth
  16. A new clinopyroxene-liquid barometer, and implications for magma storage pressures under Icelandic rift zones
  18. The S content of silicate melts at sulfide saturation: New experiments and a model incorporating the effects of sulfide composition
  20. Bond valence and bond energy
  22. Fluvial transport of impact evidence from cratonic interior to passive margin: Vredefort-derived shocked zircon on the Atlantic coast of South Africa
  24. Iron partitioning in natural lower-mantle minerals: Toward a chemically heterogeneous lower mantle
  26. Identifying biogenic silica: Mudrock micro-fabric explored through charge contrast imaging
  28. Compressibility and high-pressure structural behavior of Mg2Fe2O5
  30. Thermo-elastic behavior of grossular garnet at high pressures and temperatures
  32. Experimental constraints on the stability of baddeleyite and zircon in carbonate- and silicate-carbonate melts
  34. Polarized FTIR spectroscopic examination on hydroxylation in the minerals of the wolframite group, (Fe,Mn,Mg)[W,(Nb,Ta)][O,(OH)]4
  36. Tourmaline-rich features in the Heemskirk and Pieman Heads granites from western Tasmania, Australia: Characteristics, origins, and implications for tin mineralization
  38. Ca L2,3-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure of tricalcium aluminate, gypsum, and calcium (sulfo)aluminate hydrates
  40. Fluorwavellite, Al3(PO4)2(OH)2F·5H2O, the fluorine analog of wavellite
  42. New Mineral Names
  43. Book Review
  44. Book Review: Geochemical Rate Models: An Introduction to Geochemical Kinetics
  45. Book Review
  46. Book Review: Oxygen: A Four Billion Year History
  47. Erratum
  48. Calibration of Fe XANES for high-precision determination of Fe oxidation state in glasses: Comparison of new and existing results obtained at different synchrotron radiation sources
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-5968
Keywords for this article
Thermobarometry; clinopyroxene-liquid equilibria; Iceland; magma plumbing

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Review: Minerals in the Human Body
  2. Mineral precipitation and dissolution in the kidney
  3. Special Collection: Nanominerals and Mineral Nanoparticles
  4. Luogufengite: A new nano-mineral of Fe2O3 polymorph with giant coercive field
  5. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  6. Column anion arrangements in chemically zoned ternary chlorapatite and fluorapatite from Kurokura, Japan
  7. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  8. Magmatic graphite inclusions in Mn-Fe-rich fluorapatite of perphosphorus granites (the Belvís pluton, Variscan Iberian Belt)
  9. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  10. Barometric constraints based on apatite inclusions in garnet
  11. Special collection: Olivine
  12. A comparison of olivine-melt thermometers based on DMg and DNi: The effects of melt composition, temperature, and pressure with applications to MORBs and hydrous arc basalts
  13. Special collection: Dynamics of magmatic processes
  14. Water transfer during magma mixing events: Insights into crystal mush rejuvenation and melt extraction processes
  15. Special collection: Rates and depths of magma ascent on earth
  16. A new clinopyroxene-liquid barometer, and implications for magma storage pressures under Icelandic rift zones
  18. The S content of silicate melts at sulfide saturation: New experiments and a model incorporating the effects of sulfide composition
  20. Bond valence and bond energy
  22. Fluvial transport of impact evidence from cratonic interior to passive margin: Vredefort-derived shocked zircon on the Atlantic coast of South Africa
  24. Iron partitioning in natural lower-mantle minerals: Toward a chemically heterogeneous lower mantle
  26. Identifying biogenic silica: Mudrock micro-fabric explored through charge contrast imaging
  28. Compressibility and high-pressure structural behavior of Mg2Fe2O5
  30. Thermo-elastic behavior of grossular garnet at high pressures and temperatures
  32. Experimental constraints on the stability of baddeleyite and zircon in carbonate- and silicate-carbonate melts
  34. Polarized FTIR spectroscopic examination on hydroxylation in the minerals of the wolframite group, (Fe,Mn,Mg)[W,(Nb,Ta)][O,(OH)]4
  36. Tourmaline-rich features in the Heemskirk and Pieman Heads granites from western Tasmania, Australia: Characteristics, origins, and implications for tin mineralization
  38. Ca L2,3-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure of tricalcium aluminate, gypsum, and calcium (sulfo)aluminate hydrates
  40. Fluorwavellite, Al3(PO4)2(OH)2F·5H2O, the fluorine analog of wavellite
  42. New Mineral Names
  43. Book Review
  44. Book Review: Geochemical Rate Models: An Introduction to Geochemical Kinetics
  45. Book Review
  46. Book Review: Oxygen: A Four Billion Year History
  47. Erratum
  48. Calibration of Fe XANES for high-precision determination of Fe oxidation state in glasses: Comparison of new and existing results obtained at different synchrotron radiation sources
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