Startseite Experimental evidence of the formation of intermediate phases during transition of kaolinite into metakaolinite
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Experimental evidence of the formation of intermediate phases during transition of kaolinite into metakaolinite

  • Victor A. Drits EMAIL logo , Arkadiusz Derkowski , Boris A. Sakharov und Bella B. Zviagina
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 30. September 2016
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 101 Heft 10

Abstract

The phase composition of partially dehydroxylated specimens of two Clay Mineral Society standards, named KGa-1 and KGa-2 samples, were studied by powder X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TG) data. Each specimen was preheated for 6 h in isothermal conditions, and the heating temperatures were selected to cover the entire range of dehydroxylation for both kaolinites (380–550 °C for KGa-2 and 400–600 °C for KGa-1). Products preheated at 550 and 600 °C are named metakaolinite, as their XRD patterns showed no traces of kaolinite reflections. The contribution of metakaolinite to the experimental XRD pattern and IR spectrum of each preheated specimen (including 3550–3750 and 500–1300 cm–1 ranges) was determined by the simulation of the experimental pattern with a sum of the XRD patterns or IR spectra corresponding to the untreated sample and metakaolinite. This procedure showed that the contents of metakaolinite determined independently by diffraction and spectroscopic methods for each of the preheated specimen have almost identical values. Although the modeled and experimental XRD and IR spectra generally match, they contain particular ranges where the intensity differences are particularly significant. The misfits suggest the presence of a third phase forming in partially dehydroxylated kaolinite. To reveal the diffraction and spectroscopic features of the kaolinite and possible intermediate phase (or phases), the contribution of metakaolinite was subtracted from the experimental XRD pattern and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectrum of each preheated specimen. Analysis of the metakaolinite-free XRD patterns and DRIFT spectra supports the idea that each preheated specimen, along with metakaolinite and initial kaolinite, contains a kaolinite-like component termed the intermediate phase. To determine the contents and specific diffraction features of the intermediate phases, the contribution of initial, untreated kaolinite was subtracted from the metakaolinite-free XRD patterns for each preheated specimen. In both samples, the content of the intermediate phase, Cinter, decreases with the growth of metakaolinite from 23–25% at the beginning of dehydroxylation to 2% when the XRD-determined content of metakaolinite is 98%. The analysis of the diffraction features of the intermediate phases formed during partial dehydroxylation of the KGa-1 and KGa-2 samples indicates that they represent a new type of defective kaolinite-like structure, in which, along with the one-dimensional periodicity along the c* axis and the layer displacement vectors typical for natural kaolinite samples, the octahedral sheets of the individual layers of the structure are partially dehydroxylated.

Keywords: Kaolinite; metakaolinite; dehydroxylation; X-ray diffraction; infrared spectroscopy; thermogravimetry

Acknowledgments

The study was supported by the ATLAB project financed the RegPot within of the EU 7th Framework Programme, an internal grant of the Institute of Geological Sciences, PAS, and by the budget project no. 0135-2014-0032 of Geological Institute, RAS. The authors are grateful to the anonymous referees for valuable comments.

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Received: 2016-3-21
Accepted: 2016-6-7
Published Online: 2016-9-30
Published in Print: 2016-10-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5776
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Kaolinite; metakaolinite; dehydroxylation; X-ray diffraction; infrared spectroscopy; thermogravimetry

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Research Article
  2. Temporal histories of Cordilleran continental arcs: testing models for magmatic episodicity
  3. Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle
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  5. Special Collection: From Magmas to Ore Deposits
  6. Association of cumulus apatite with compositionally unusual olivine and plagioclase in the Taihe Fe-Ti oxide ore-bearing layered mafic-ultramafic intrusion: Petrogenetic significance and implications for ore genesis
  7. Special collection: perspectives on origins and evolution of crustal magmas
  8. Repeated, multiscale, magmatic erosion and recycling in an upper-crustal pluton: implications for magma chamber dynamics and magma volume estimates
  9. Fluids in the Crust
  10. A new experimental approach to study fluid–rock equilibria at the slab-mantle interface based on the synthetic fluid inclusion technique
  11. Special collection: mechanisms, rates, and timescales of geochemical transport processes in the crust and mantle
  12. Fe-Mg interdiffusion in orthopyroxene
  13. Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
  14. Error sources in single-clinopyroxene thermobarometry and a mantle geotherm for the Novinka kimberlite, Yakutia
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