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Error sources in single-clinopyroxene thermobarometry and a mantle geotherm for the Novinka kimberlite, Yakutia

  • Luca Ziberna EMAIL logo , Paolo Nimis , Dmitry Kuzmin and Vladimir G. Malkovets
Published/Copyright: September 30, 2016
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 101 Issue 10

Abstract

A new suite of 173 clinopyroxene grains from heavy-mineral concentrates of the diamondiferous Novinka kimberlite (Upper Muna field, Yakutia) has been analyzed for major and minor elements with an electron microprobe to perform a thermobarometric study and model the thermal structure of the Archean Upper Muna lithospheric mantle. Scrupulous evaluation of propagation of analytical uncertainties on pressure estimates revealed that (1) the single-clinopyroxene geobarometer can be very sensitive to analytical uncertainties for particular clinopyroxene compositions, and that (2) most clinopyroxenes from Novinka have compositions that are sensitive to analytical uncertainties, notwithstanding their apparent compositional suitability for single-clinopyroxene thermobarometry based on previously proposed application limits. A test on various mantle clinopyroxenes containing different proportions of the sensitive elements Cr, Na, and Al allowed us to identify clinopyroxene compositions that produce unacceptably high propagated errors and to define appropriate analytical conditions (i.e., higher beam currents and longer counting times for specific elements) that allow precise P-T estimates to be obtained for sensitive compositions. Based on the results of our analytical test, and taking into account the intrinsic limitations of the single-clinopyroxene thermobarometer, we have designed a new protocol for optimum thermobarometry, which uses partly revised compositional filters. The new protocol permits precise computation of the conductive paleogeotherm at Novinka with the single-clinopyroxene thermobarometer of Nimis and Taylor (2000). Thermal modeling of the resulting P-T estimates indicates a ~34 mW/m2 surface heat flow, a thermal lithosphere thickness of ~225 km, and an over 100 km thick “diamond window” beneath Novinka in the middle Paleozoic (344–361 Ma). We estimate that appropriate analytical conditions may extend the applicability of single-clinopyroxene thermobarometry to over 90% of clinopyroxene-bearing garnet peridotites and pyroxenites and to ~70% of chromian-diopside inclusions in diamonds. In all cases, application to clinopyroxenes with Cr/(Cr+Al)mol < 0.1 is not recommended. We confirm the tendency of the single-clinopyroxene barometer to progressively underestimate pressure at P > 4.5 GPa.

Keywords: Geobarometry; chromian diopside; lithospheric mantle; palaeogeotherms

Special collection papers can be found online at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.

Acknowledgments

The present work is part of L.Z.’s Ph.D. research program at the University of Padova (Italy). The authors are indebted to G. Pearson, L. Franz, and the late J. Boyd for supplying materials for the present study, and to R. Carampin (IGG-CNR, Padova) for his invaluable help during analytical sessions. H. Grütter and T. Stachel are thanked for sharing their compilations of xenolith and diamond inclusion data. S. Klemme is thanked for precious suggestions. Formal reviews by H. Grütter, S. Mollo, and an anonymous referee pointed out some important flaws in our original manuscript and helped us significantly improve this paper. P.N. acknowledges support by ERC Starting Grant 307322 (project INDIMEDEA). L.Z. acknowledges support by Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Padova e Rovigo—“Progetto Dottorati di Ricerca 2009.” We thank A.V. Sobolev for the given opportunity to perform analytical procedures at the EPMA laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry. V.M. and D.K. were supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 16-05-01052). V.M. was supported by state assignment project no. 0330-2016-0006 and by Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 16-17-10067).

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Received: 2015-8-24
Accepted: 2016-6-19
Published Online: 2016-9-30
Published in Print: 2016-10-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5540
Keywords for this article
Geobarometry; chromian diopside; lithospheric mantle; palaeogeotherms

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  1. Research Article
  2. Temporal histories of Cordilleran continental arcs: testing models for magmatic episodicity
  3. Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle
  4. Graphite-diamond relations in mantle rocks: Evidence from an eclogitic xenolith from the Udachnaya kimberlite (Siberian Craton)
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  9. Fluids in the Crust
  10. A new experimental approach to study fluid–rock equilibria at the slab-mantle interface based on the synthetic fluid inclusion technique
  11. Special collection: mechanisms, rates, and timescales of geochemical transport processes in the crust and mantle
  12. Fe-Mg interdiffusion in orthopyroxene
  13. Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
  14. Error sources in single-clinopyroxene thermobarometry and a mantle geotherm for the Novinka kimberlite, Yakutia
  15. Water in nominally hydrous and anhydrous minerals
  16. Experimental hydration of natural volcanic clinopyroxene phenocrysts under hydrothermal pressures (0.5–3 kbar)
  17. Research Article
  18. Comparison of isoelectric points of single-crystal and polycrystalline α-Al2O3 and α-Fe2O3 surfaces
  19. Research Article
  20. Synthetic olivine capsules for use in experiments
  21. Research Article
  22. Visible and short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy of REE phosphate minerals
  23. Research Article
  24. Protolith carbon isotope ratios in cordierite from metamorphic and igneous rocks
  25. Research Article
  26. Empirical electronic polarizabilities of ions for the prediction and interpretation of refractive indices: Oxides and oxysalts
  27. Research Article
  28. A novel protocol for resolving feldspar crystals in synchrotron X-ray microtomographic images of crystallized natural magmas and synthetic analogs
  29. Research Article
  30. Silicic lunar volcanism: Testing the crustal melting model
  31. Research Article
  32. Transition metals in the transition zone: Crystal chemistry of minor element substitution in wadsleyite
  33. Research Article
  34. Experimental evidence of the formation of intermediate phases during transition of kaolinite into metakaolinite
  35. Letter
  36. Further observations related to a possible occurrence of terrestrial ahrensite
  37. Letter
  38. Chemical zoning and lattice distortion in uraninite from Olympic Dam, South Australia
  39. Research Article
  40. New Mineral Names
  41. Book Review
  42. Book review: Layered Intrusions
  43. Book Review
  44. Book Review: Mineral Resources, Economics and the Environment, 2nd edition
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