Temporal histories of Cordilleran continental arcs: testing models for magmatic episodicity
-
Moritz Kirsch
, Scott R. Paterson
, Florian Wobbe , Ana María Martínez Ardila , Benjamin L. Clausen and Pablo H. Alasino
Abstract
Magmatic activity in continental arcs is known to vary in a non-steady-state manner, with the mechanisms driving magmatic activity being a matter of ongoing discussion. Of particular importance is the question of what extent episodic magmatism in continental arcs is governed by external factors (e.g., plate motions) and internal factors (e.g., feedback processes in the upper plate). To test existing models for magmatic episodicity, which are mostly based on temporally and spatially limited records, this study uses large data sets of geochronological, geochemical, and plate kinematic data to document the Paleozoic to Mesozoic development of the North and South American Cordilleras in eight transects from British Columbia to Patagonia. The temporal distribution of U/Pb bedrock and detrital zircon ages, used as a proxy for timing of magmatic accretion, shows that some minima and maxima of zircon abundance are nearly synchronous for thousands of kilometers along the arc. Some age patterns are characterized by a periodicity of 50–80 Ma, suggesting a cyclic controlling mechanism. Other magmatic lulls or flare-ups find no equivalents in adjacent sectors, indicating that either discrete events or variable lag times may also be important in governing magmatic activity in continental arcs. Magma composition in Mexico, the Peninsular Ranges, and the Sierra Nevada varies episodically and proportionally with the temporal record of arc activity. During flare-up events, there is an increase in Sm/Yb, indicating deeper melting, and a decrease in eNdb suggesting a higher degree of crustal assimilation. Geochemical scatter also increases during the initiation of flare-up events. Plate kinematic data provide a means of evaluating mantle heat input. The correlation between plate convergence rate and magmatic accretion varies for each sector, suggesting that different flare-ups or lulls likely reflect variable combinations of processes.
Acknowledgments
We thank George Bergantz and Alan Chapman for their constructive reviews, and David London for his role as Associate Editor. Kirsch is grateful to Nathaniel Butterworth for the convergence python script and to Maria Helbig and Uwe Kroner for helpful discussions. Paterson acknowledges support from NSF grants EAR-1019636, EAR-0537892, and EAR-0073943 and USGS EDMAP grants G13AC00120 and 03HQA0038. We thank Mark Pecha, and other lab scientists from the Arizona LaserChron Center for help while using their geochronology lab.
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© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Research Article
- Temporal histories of Cordilleran continental arcs: testing models for magmatic episodicity
- Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle
- Graphite-diamond relations in mantle rocks: Evidence from an eclogitic xenolith from the Udachnaya kimberlite (Siberian Craton)
- Special Collection: From Magmas to Ore Deposits
- Association of cumulus apatite with compositionally unusual olivine and plagioclase in the Taihe Fe-Ti oxide ore-bearing layered mafic-ultramafic intrusion: Petrogenetic significance and implications for ore genesis
- Special collection: perspectives on origins and evolution of crustal magmas
- Repeated, multiscale, magmatic erosion and recycling in an upper-crustal pluton: implications for magma chamber dynamics and magma volume estimates
- Fluids in the Crust
- A new experimental approach to study fluid–rock equilibria at the slab-mantle interface based on the synthetic fluid inclusion technique
- Special collection: mechanisms, rates, and timescales of geochemical transport processes in the crust and mantle
- Fe-Mg interdiffusion in orthopyroxene
- Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
- Error sources in single-clinopyroxene thermobarometry and a mantle geotherm for the Novinka kimberlite, Yakutia
- Water in nominally hydrous and anhydrous minerals
- Experimental hydration of natural volcanic clinopyroxene phenocrysts under hydrothermal pressures (0.5–3 kbar)
- Research Article
- Comparison of isoelectric points of single-crystal and polycrystalline α-Al2O3 and α-Fe2O3 surfaces
- Research Article
- Synthetic olivine capsules for use in experiments
- Research Article
- Visible and short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy of REE phosphate minerals
- Research Article
- Protolith carbon isotope ratios in cordierite from metamorphic and igneous rocks
- Research Article
- Empirical electronic polarizabilities of ions for the prediction and interpretation of refractive indices: Oxides and oxysalts
- Research Article
- A novel protocol for resolving feldspar crystals in synchrotron X-ray microtomographic images of crystallized natural magmas and synthetic analogs
- Research Article
- Silicic lunar volcanism: Testing the crustal melting model
- Research Article
- Transition metals in the transition zone: Crystal chemistry of minor element substitution in wadsleyite
- Research Article
- Experimental evidence of the formation of intermediate phases during transition of kaolinite into metakaolinite
- Letter
- Further observations related to a possible occurrence of terrestrial ahrensite
- Letter
- Chemical zoning and lattice distortion in uraninite from Olympic Dam, South Australia
- Research Article
- New Mineral Names
- Book Review
- Book review: Layered Intrusions
- Book Review
- Book Review: Mineral Resources, Economics and the Environment, 2nd edition
Articles in the same Issue
- Research Article
- Temporal histories of Cordilleran continental arcs: testing models for magmatic episodicity
- Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth’s Mantle
- Graphite-diamond relations in mantle rocks: Evidence from an eclogitic xenolith from the Udachnaya kimberlite (Siberian Craton)
- Special Collection: From Magmas to Ore Deposits
- Association of cumulus apatite with compositionally unusual olivine and plagioclase in the Taihe Fe-Ti oxide ore-bearing layered mafic-ultramafic intrusion: Petrogenetic significance and implications for ore genesis
- Special collection: perspectives on origins and evolution of crustal magmas
- Repeated, multiscale, magmatic erosion and recycling in an upper-crustal pluton: implications for magma chamber dynamics and magma volume estimates
- Fluids in the Crust
- A new experimental approach to study fluid–rock equilibria at the slab-mantle interface based on the synthetic fluid inclusion technique
- Special collection: mechanisms, rates, and timescales of geochemical transport processes in the crust and mantle
- Fe-Mg interdiffusion in orthopyroxene
- Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
- Error sources in single-clinopyroxene thermobarometry and a mantle geotherm for the Novinka kimberlite, Yakutia
- Water in nominally hydrous and anhydrous minerals
- Experimental hydration of natural volcanic clinopyroxene phenocrysts under hydrothermal pressures (0.5–3 kbar)
- Research Article
- Comparison of isoelectric points of single-crystal and polycrystalline α-Al2O3 and α-Fe2O3 surfaces
- Research Article
- Synthetic olivine capsules for use in experiments
- Research Article
- Visible and short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy of REE phosphate minerals
- Research Article
- Protolith carbon isotope ratios in cordierite from metamorphic and igneous rocks
- Research Article
- Empirical electronic polarizabilities of ions for the prediction and interpretation of refractive indices: Oxides and oxysalts
- Research Article
- A novel protocol for resolving feldspar crystals in synchrotron X-ray microtomographic images of crystallized natural magmas and synthetic analogs
- Research Article
- Silicic lunar volcanism: Testing the crustal melting model
- Research Article
- Transition metals in the transition zone: Crystal chemistry of minor element substitution in wadsleyite
- Research Article
- Experimental evidence of the formation of intermediate phases during transition of kaolinite into metakaolinite
- Letter
- Further observations related to a possible occurrence of terrestrial ahrensite
- Letter
- Chemical zoning and lattice distortion in uraninite from Olympic Dam, South Australia
- Research Article
- New Mineral Names
- Book Review
- Book review: Layered Intrusions
- Book Review
- Book Review: Mineral Resources, Economics and the Environment, 2nd edition