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Elastic wave velocities in polycrystalline Mg3Al2Si3O12-pyrope garnet to 24 GPa and 1300 K

  • Julien Chantel EMAIL logo , Geeth M. Manthilake , Daniel J. Frost , Christopher Beyer , Tiziana Boffa Ballaran , Zhicheng Jing and Yanbin Wang
Published/Copyright: April 5, 2016
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 101 Issue 4

Abstract

The mantle transition zone, at depths between 410 to 660 km, is characterized by two prominent discontinuities in seismic-wave velocity in addition to a relatively steep velocity gradient. Throughout this region garnet will be an abundant mineral, the composition of which will change depending on both depth and lithology. It is important, therefore, to be able to characterize the effects of these changes on seismic velocities, which means that models must incorporate reliable elasticity data on the dominant mineral end-members that can be accurately employed at mantle conditions.

In this study elastic wave velocities of synthetic polycrystalline pyrope garnet (Mg3Al2Si3O12) have been measured using ultrasonic interferometry combined with energy-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction in a 1000-ton multi-anvil press. Measurements were performed at pressures up to 24 GPa, conditions compatible with the base of the transition zone, and at temperatures up to 1300 K. Least-squares refinement of the ambient-temperature data to a third-order finite strain equation yields values for the bulk and shear moduli and their pressure derivatives of KS0 = 172.0 ±1.6 GPa, G0 = 89.1 ±0.5 GPa, δKS/δP = 4.38 ±0.08, and δG/δP = 1.66 ±0.05. The determined temperature derivatives are δKS/δT = –17.8 ±2.0 MPa/K and δG/δT = –7.9 ±1.0 MPa/K. High-temperature data were fitted to extract parameters for a thermodynamic model. As several high-pressure and -temperature studies have been performed on pyrope, fitting all of the available data provides a more robust assessment of the accuracy of velocity measurements and allows the uncertainties that are inherent in the various methodologies to be realized. When this model is used to determine pyrope velocities at transition zone conditions the propagated uncertainties are approximately 1.5 and 2.5% for vp and vs, respectively. To reduce these uncertainties it is important not only to measure velocities as close as possible to mantle temperatures but also to understand what causes the difference in velocities between studies. Pyrope vP and vS at mantle transition zone conditions are found to be approximately 2.4 and 3.7%, respectively, larger than recent determinations of majoritic garnet at the same conditions, implying a significant variation with chemistry that is mainly realized at high temperatures.

Keywords: Elasticity; pyrope; equation of state; synchrotron radiation; ultrasonic interferometry
†Present address: Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, U.S.A

Acknowledgments

This is Laboratory of Excellence ClerVolc contribution no. 177. Portions of this work were performed at GeoSoilEnviroCARS (Sector 13), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. GeoSoilEnviroCARS is supported by the National Science Foundation—Earth Sciences (EAR-1128799) and Department of Energy—Geosciences (DE-FG02-94ER14466). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This project was also supported by ERC grant no. 227893 “DEEP” funded through the EU 7th Framework Programme. G.M.M. acknowledges funding from the French PNP program (INSU-CNRS) and Actions initiatives OPGC 2014.

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Received: 2015-2-24
Accepted: 2015-11-30
Published Online: 2016-4-5
Published in Print: 2016-4-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5335
Keywords for this article
Elasticity; pyrope; equation of state; synchrotron radiation; ultrasonic interferometry

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  10. Special Collection: New Advances in Subduction Zone Magma Genesis: Experimental formation of pyroxenite veins by reactions between olivine and Si, Al, Ca, Na, and Cl-rich fluids at 800 °C and 800 MPa: Implications for fluid metasomatism in the mantle wedge
  11. Review
  12. Special Collection: Olivine: Rates and styles of planetary cooling on Earth, Moon, Mars, and Vesta, using new models for oxygen fugacity, ferric-ferrous ratios, olivine-liquid Fe-Mg exchange, and mantle potential temperature
  13. Research Article
  14. Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth: Amphibole thermometers and barometers for igneous systems and some implications for eruption mechanisms of felsic magmas at arc volcanoes
  15. Research Article
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  17. Research Article
  18. Special Collection: Water in Nominally Hydrous and Anhydrous Minerals: Crystal/melt partitioning of water and other volatiles during the near-solidus melting of mantle peridotite: Comparisons with non-volatile incompatible elements and implications for the generation of intraplate magmatism
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