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Potential of curcumin and its derivatives, modern insights on the anticancer properties: a comprehensive overview

  • Rafi Ullah ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Muhammad Siraj , Javed Iqbal EMAIL logo and Banzeer Ahsan Abbasi
Published/Copyright: March 21, 2025

Abstract

Globally, cancer is the top cause of mortality, placing a heavy load on the medical system. One of the first known secondary metabolites is curcumin, a bioactive substance. This study aims to emphasize the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties of curcumin and its derivatives, therefore, offering important insights for the possible creation of certain supplemental medications for the treatment of different cancers. Electronic Google databases, including Google scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed/Medline, and ScienceDirect, were searched to gather pertinent data about the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of curcumin and its derivatives. Various studies have revealed a diverse array of significant biological effects. The majority of investigations pertaining to the potential anticancer effects and associated processes are currently in the experimental preclinical stage and lack sufficient clinical trial data to validate their findings. Clinical research is further needed to clarify the molecular processes and specific targeted action of curcumin and its derivatives, as well as their potential for toxicity and side effects in humans, in order to open up new therapeutic avenues for treating cancer.


Corresponding authors: Rafi Ullah and Javed Iqbal, Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, E-mail: (R. Ullah), (J. Iqbal)

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All authors were involved in writing and reviewing of this article. The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: No funding received for this article.

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

Abbreviations

ACS

American Cancer Society

NCI

National Cancer Institute

ASVD

arteriosclerotic vascular disease

DHC

dihydrocurcumin

THC

tetrahydrocurcumin

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

pH

potential of hydrogen

CIN

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

5-LOX

5-lipoxygenase

COX-2

cyclooxygenase-2

TNF-α

NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor

IFN

interferon

PI3K

phosphoinositide 3-kinase

AP-1

activator protein-1

HER-2

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2

EGFR

epidermal growth factor receptor

FGF

fibroblast growth factors

TGF

transforming growth factors

VEGF

vascular endothelial growth factor

MMP-9

matrix metalloproteinase-9

ΗIAP

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein

cIAP1

cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1

DR4

death receptor 4

AMPK

adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase

HO-1

heme oxygenase-1

AST

aspartate transaminase

ET-1

endothelin-1

mRNA

messenger ribonucleic acid

RD

radiation dermatitis

PTHrP

parathyroid hormone-related protein

PGV-1

Pentagamavunon-1

ROS

reactive oxygen species

PDT

Photodynamic treatment

ROS

reactive oxygen species

HPV

human papillomavirus

PCR

concentration; polymerase chain reaction

CSCs

cancer stem cells

mTOR

mechanistic target of rapamycin

PKC-θ

protein kinase C-theta

NSCLC

nonsmall-cell lung cancer

SCLC

small-cell lung cancer

AUC

area under the curve

CPN

nanoparticles of polylactic-co-glycolic acid called curcumin

CUR-MPEG-PLA

micelles of curcumin MPEG-PLA

CUR-NC

nanocrystals of curcumin

DL

drug loading

DMSO

dimethyl sulfide

DR

drug release

EE

encapsulation efficiency

ExoCUR

exosomal curcumin

HD

hydrodynamic diameter

I.V

injection by intravenous

LN-CUR

lipidic nanoparticles of curcumin

MRT

mean residence time

CM

MPEG–PCL curcumin micelle

PCNA

proliferating cell nuclear antigen of rabbit against mouse

PI

polydispersion index

PDI T1/2

time of half-life

TI

tumor intake

TG

tumor growth

TGI

tumor growth inhibition

TIR

tumor inhibition rate

ZP

zeta potential

TV

tumor volume

TW

tumor weight

TAV

type A influenza virus

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Received: 2024-05-17
Accepted: 2025-03-02
Published Online: 2025-03-21
Published in Print: 2026-01-29

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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