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Antidiabetic phytochemicals: an overview of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds in diabetes mellitus treatment

  • Yenework Nigussie Ashagrie EMAIL logo , Kundan Kumar Chaubey , Mesfin Getachew Tadesse , Deen Dayal , Rakesh Kumar Bachheti ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Nishant Rai , Atreyi Pramanik , Sorabh Lakhanpal , Anuj Kandwal and Archana Bachheti ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: January 10, 2025

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion or action. Contributing factors include genetic predisposition, obesity, family history, inactivity, and environmental risks. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the most common form, involves impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin resistance. By 2045, it is projected that India and China will have approximately 134.3 and 110.8 million diabetic individuals, respectively. Although synthetic drugs are effective in managing DM, they often come with side effects. Consequently, plant-based phytochemicals with antidiabetic properties are gaining attention. Research indicates that around 115 medicinal plants (MPs) have antidiabetic effects, particularly those from the Fabaceae, Liliaceae, and Lamiaceae families. Bioactive compounds like alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics are known to combat DM. Traditional medicinal systems, particularly in developing countries, offer effective DM management. This review highlights the importance of MPs and their bioactive compounds in treating diabetes and underscores the need for further research to commercialize plant-based antidiabetic drugs.


Corresponding authors: Yenework Nigussie Ashagrie, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, E-mail: ; and Rakesh Kumar Bachheti, Department of Allied Sciences, Graphic Era Hill University, Society Area, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; and University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan 140413, Punjab, India, E-mail:

Acknowledgment

The authors acknowledge Universities for providing the necessities to write the review article.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state that they have no conflicts of interest

  6. Research funding: None declared

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-09-06
Accepted: 2024-12-13
Published Online: 2025-01-10
Published in Print: 2025-09-25

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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