Extremely high boron tolerance in Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. related to root boron exclusion and a well-regulated antioxidant system
-
Mehmet Hamurcu
,
Canan Özdemir
Abstract
Recent studies indicate an extremely high level of tolerance to boron (B) toxicity in Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. but the mechanistic basis is not known. Puccinellia distans was exposed to B concentrations of up to 1000 mg B L−1 and root B uptake, growth parameters, B and N contents, H2O2 accumulation and ·OH-scavenging activity were measured. Antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and lipid peroxidation products were determined. B appears to be actively excluded from roots. Excess B supply caused structural deformations in roots and leaves, H2O2 accumulation and simultaneous up-regulation of the antioxidative system, which prevented lipid peroxidation even at the highest B concentrations. Thus, P. distans has an efficient root B-exclusion capability and, in addition, B tolerance in shoots is achieved by a well-regulated antioxidant defense system.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, Project no: 108 O 559) and to Selcuk University Research Projects (BAP Project no: 13701028) for the financial support for this work. We are also indebted to the anonymous referees for their valuable comments on the manuscript.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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- Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) extract specifically suppresses the growth of tumors in H22-bearing Kunming mice
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