Fermi motion in nucleons and the generalized Heisenberg uncertainty relation
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Alexander Kholmetskii
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Oleg Missevitch
Abstract
In a series of our papers (e.g., A.L. Kholmetskii, et al. Ann. Phys. 392, 49 (2018)) we proposed to redefine the momentum operator for an electrically charged quantum particle in an electromagnetic (EM) field through the sum of its mechanical momentum ( P M ) and the interactional electromagnetic momentum ( P EM ), instead of the standard definition of this operator, associated with the canonical momentum of the particle. In the present contribution, we represent our three-step way to the new momentum operator and focus on one of its principal implications, named the “generalized Heisenberg uncertainty relation”, where, in comparison to its standard form, the mechanical momentum of a charged particle P M is replaced by the sum of P M and P EM . We then apply the generalized uncertainty relation to the analysis of the Fermi motion of quarks in the proton and neutron and show that a quark with a unique charge (i.e., the d-antiquark in the proton and the u-antiquark in the neutron) should have a more narrow momentum distribution compared to the wider momentum distribution of the remaining quarks (the two u-quarks in the proton and the two d-quarks in the neutron) in their Fermi motion. The agreement of these results with the available experimental data does not touch the validity of the results of calculation of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) regarding the description of the proton and neutron, but rather enriches their physical interpretation.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: The author states no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: Not applicable.
References
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© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
- Quantum chemical concept of oxidation states
- Dynamical Systems & Nonlinear Phenomena
- Comparative study of novel solitary wave solutions with unveiling bifurcation and chaotic structure modelled by stochastic dynamical system
- Fundamental Concepts of Physical Science
- Fermi motion in nucleons and the generalized Heisenberg uncertainty relation
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- Stability and convection in compressible partially ionized plasma layers: nonlinear and linear analysis
- Solid State Physics & Materials Science
- Effective medium theory of a concentric metamaterial bifunctional cloak
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
- Quantum chemical concept of oxidation states
- Dynamical Systems & Nonlinear Phenomena
- Comparative study of novel solitary wave solutions with unveiling bifurcation and chaotic structure modelled by stochastic dynamical system
- Fundamental Concepts of Physical Science
- Fermi motion in nucleons and the generalized Heisenberg uncertainty relation
- Hydrodynamics & Plasma Physics
- Stability and convection in compressible partially ionized plasma layers: nonlinear and linear analysis
- Solid State Physics & Materials Science
- Effective medium theory of a concentric metamaterial bifunctional cloak
- Morphological impact on energy storage properties of 2D-MoS2 and its nanocomposites: a comprehensive review
- Exploring the implications of CoCrFeNiCu high entropy alloy coatings on tribomechanical, wetting behavior, and interfacial microstructural characterizations in microwave-clad AISI 304 stainless steels
