Physical chemistry of nanoparticle reinforced polymer fracturing fluid system with high temperature resistance
-
Dongqing Wang
Dongqing Wang graduated from the university of Shanghai for Science and Technology with a bachelor’s degree in pharmaceutical engineering in 2020. She is currently a master’s student in oil and natural gas engineering at East China University of Science and Technology. Her studies focus on viscoelastic surfactant micelles and the rheology of polymer fracturing fluid.
Yudie Li received her bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering and technology from Anhui Normal University, People’s Republic of China. She is currently a master’s student in chemical engineering at East China University of Science and Technology. Her studies focus on photosensitive surfactants and their applications.
Bo Fang received his bachelor’s degree in organic chemical engineering and his master’s degree in chemical engineering from Qingdao Institute of Chemical Technology. He obtained PhD in chemical engineering from East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), People’s Republic of China in 1995. He was a professor of chemical engineering at ECUST. His studies focus on chemical engineering rheology, including viscoelastic surfactant micelles and their applications, photo-sensitive surfactant micelles, fracturing fluids rheology and rheokinetics.
Li Li received her B.S. in Polymer Materials in the Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, her M.S. in Polymer Materials in the Department of Polymer Materials, Sichuan University in 1993, and her Ph.D. in Polymer Physics and Chemistry at the University of Bayreuth, Germany, in 2005. She is currently a professor of Chemical Engineering at East China University of Science and Technology, and her main research interests are the functionalization and modification of macromolecules, as well as the study of nanoparticles assembled by macromolecules using SAXS, rheology and other methods.
Jialun Cao received his bachelor’s degree in light chemical engineering from East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST). He is currently pursuing a Master’s degree in chemical engineering at East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST). His studies focus on chemical engineering rheology, including viscoelastic surfactant micelles and their applications, fracturing fluids rheology and rheokinetics.
Jiayi Shen graduated from East China University of Science and Technology with a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering in 2024. She is currently a master’s student majoring in chemical engineering in East China University of Science and Technology. Her studies focus on nano materials.
Xuhong Guo is a senior professor in School of Chemical Engineering at East China University of Science & Technology (ECUST). He received Ph.D. in Polymer Chemistry at Karlsruhe University, Germany (2001), Master Degree in Biomedical Engineering at Sichuan University (1992) and Bachelor Degree in Chemical Engineering at Tsinghua University (1989). He worked as Postdoctor and Research Staff Member in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Princeton University for 4 years before he obtained current position at ECUST in 2006. His research interests involve “Functional polymeric nanomaterials and biomaterials” and “Rheology of multiphase fluids”.
Abstract
A fracturing fluid system composed of an acrylamide (AM)/2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) copolymer and lithium magnesium silicate (LMS) nanoparticles was prepared, and its rheological properties were studied systematically. The experimental results showed that the presence of LMS increased the viscosity of the fracturing fluid, especially at high temperatures. Frequency sweep results demonstrated that the AM/AMPS copolymer fracturing fluid exhibited typical gel characteristics when LMS was introduced. The gel strength reached the maximum at an LMS concentration of 2.5 wt% and an AM/AMPS copolymer concentration of 0.6 wt%. Following continuous shear at a shear rate of 100 s−1 for 30 min at 120 °C, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid remained at 325 mPa s. This is significantly higher than the required viscosity of 50 mPa s for a high-temperature-resistant hydraulic fracturing fluid in the industry. The AM/AMPS-LMS system exhibited positive thixotropy and an excellent proppant carrying capacity both at room temperature and at 90 °C. Due to electrostatic attraction, LMS acts as an effective cross-linker between polymer chains, enhancing the rheological properties of the system. Our results showed that the AM/AMPS-LMS system is an ideal candidate for a high-temperature-resistant fracturing fluid.
Funding source: PetroChina Science and Technology Management Department Project
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2020B-4120
Funding source: China’s National Science and Technology Major Project
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2017ZX05023003
About the authors
Dongqing Wang graduated from the university of Shanghai for Science and Technology with a bachelor’s degree in pharmaceutical engineering in 2020. She is currently a master’s student in oil and natural gas engineering at East China University of Science and Technology. Her studies focus on viscoelastic surfactant micelles and the rheology of polymer fracturing fluid.
Yudie Li received her bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering and technology from Anhui Normal University, People’s Republic of China. She is currently a master’s student in chemical engineering at East China University of Science and Technology. Her studies focus on photosensitive surfactants and their applications.
Bo Fang received his bachelor’s degree in organic chemical engineering and his master’s degree in chemical engineering from Qingdao Institute of Chemical Technology. He obtained PhD in chemical engineering from East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), People’s Republic of China in 1995. He was a professor of chemical engineering at ECUST. His studies focus on chemical engineering rheology, including viscoelastic surfactant micelles and their applications, photo-sensitive surfactant micelles, fracturing fluids rheology and rheokinetics.
Li Li received her B.S. in Polymer Materials in the Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, her M.S. in Polymer Materials in the Department of Polymer Materials, Sichuan University in 1993, and her Ph.D. in Polymer Physics and Chemistry at the University of Bayreuth, Germany, in 2005. She is currently a professor of Chemical Engineering at East China University of Science and Technology, and her main research interests are the functionalization and modification of macromolecules, as well as the study of nanoparticles assembled by macromolecules using SAXS, rheology and other methods.
Jialun Cao received his bachelor’s degree in light chemical engineering from East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST). He is currently pursuing a Master’s degree in chemical engineering at East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST). His studies focus on chemical engineering rheology, including viscoelastic surfactant micelles and their applications, fracturing fluids rheology and rheokinetics.
Jiayi Shen graduated from East China University of Science and Technology with a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering in 2024. She is currently a master’s student majoring in chemical engineering in East China University of Science and Technology. Her studies focus on nano materials.
Xuhong Guo is a senior professor in School of Chemical Engineering at East China University of Science & Technology (ECUST). He received Ph.D. in Polymer Chemistry at Karlsruhe University, Germany (2001), Master Degree in Biomedical Engineering at Sichuan University (1992) and Bachelor Degree in Chemical Engineering at Tsinghua University (1989). He worked as Postdoctor and Research Staff Member in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Princeton University for 4 years before he obtained current position at ECUST in 2006. His research interests involve “Functional polymeric nanomaterials and biomaterials” and “Rheology of multiphase fluids”.
Acknowledgments
Thanks for the support of the China’s National Science and Technology Major Project [grant numbers 2017ZX05023003]; and PetroChina Science and Technology Management Department Project [grant numbers 2020B-4120].
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: Dongqing Wang conceived and designed the study, and completed the first draft of the manuscript. Bo Fang, Li Li, XuHong Guo put forward opinions and suggestions on the research scheme and carried out the research. Yudie Li, Jialun Cao, Jiayi Shen analyzed the rheological diagram. All authors contributed to and approved the final draft of the manuscript. The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: China’s National Science and Technology Major Project [grant numbers 2017ZX05023003]; PetroChina Science and Technology Management Department Project [grant numbers 2020B-4120].
-
Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
References
1. Chen, X.; Zhao, L.; Liu, P.; Du, J.; Wang, Q.; An, Q.; Chang, B.; Luo, Z.; Zhang, N. Experimental Study and Field Verification of Fracturing Technique Using a Thermo-Responsive Diverting Agent. J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 2021, 92, 103993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2021.103993.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Du, J.; Liu, J.; Zhao, L.; Liu, P.; Chen, X.; Wang, Q.; Yu, M. Water-Soluble Polymers for High-Temperature Resistant Hydraulic Fracturing: A Review. J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 2022, 104, 104673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2022.104673.Suche in Google Scholar
3. Sun, X.; Gao, Z.; Zhao, M.; Gao, M.; Du, M.; Dai, C. Development and Evaluation of a Novel Seawater-Based Viscoelastic Fracturing Fluid System. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 2019, 183, 106408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106408.Suche in Google Scholar
4. Xu, K.; Lu, Y.; Chang, J.; Li, Y. Research Progress of High Temperature Resistant Fracturing Fluid System. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2021, 2076 (1), 012039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2076/1/012039.Suche in Google Scholar
5. Khan, M.; Lv, K.; Sun, J.; Shen, H.; Zhang, Y.; Noor, A.; Lalji, S.; Liu, C.; Li, M. Influence of Salt and Temperature on the Rheological and Filtration Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber/Bentonite Water-Based Drilling Fluids. Geoenergy Sci. Eng. 2024, 244, 213524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoen.2024.213524.Suche in Google Scholar
6. Cai, B.; Xu, Y.; Wang, X.; He, C.; Gao, Y.; Duan, G.; Jiang, W.; Yan, X.; Xu, Z. A New High Temperature Polymer Fracturing Fluid. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 2018, 186 (4), 012028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/186/4/012028.Suche in Google Scholar
7. Al-Hajri, S.; Negash, B.; Rahman, M.; Haroun, M.; Al-Shami, T. Perspective Review of Polymers as Additives in Water-Based Fracturing Fluids. ACS Omega 2022, 7 (9), 7431–7443. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c06739.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
8. Wu, Y.; Yan, X.; Huang, Y.; Zhao, M.; Zhang, L.; Dai, C. Ultra-deep Reservoirs Gel Fracturing Fluid with Stepwise Reinforcement Network from Supramolecular Force to Chemical Crosslinking. Energy 2024, 293, 130632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.130632.Suche in Google Scholar
9. Liang, F.; Al-Muntasheri, G.; Ow, H.; Cox, J. Reduced-Polymer-Loading, High-Temperature Fracturing Fluids by Use of Nanocrosslinkers. SPE J. 2016, 22 (02), 622–631. https://doi.org/10.2118/177469-PA.Suche in Google Scholar
10. Elsaeed, S.; Zaki, E.; Omar, W.; Ashraf Soliman, A.; Attia, A. Guar Gum-Based Hydrogels as Potent Green Polymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery in High-Salinity Reservoirs. ACS Omega 2021, 6 (36), 23421–23431. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c03352.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
11. Tang, Q.; Huang, Z.; Wang, B.; Lu, H. Surfactant-Free Aqueous Foams Stabilized with Synergy of Xanthan-Based Amphiphilic Biopolymer and Nanoparticle as Potential Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2020, 603, 125215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125215.Suche in Google Scholar
12. Sun, C.; Boluk, Y. Rheological Behavior and Particle Suspension Capability of Guar Gum: Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate Gels Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils. Cellulose 2016, 23 (5), 3013–3022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-1015-x.Suche in Google Scholar
13. Yang, F.; Ge, Z.; Zheng, J.; Tian, Z. Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluid for Underground Hydraulic Fracturing in Soft Coal Seams. J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 2018, 169 (2), 646–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.06.015.Suche in Google Scholar
14. Shibaev, A.; Osiptsov, A.; Philippova, O. Novel Trends in the Development of Surfactant-Based Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids: A Review. Gels 2021, 7 (4), 258. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7040258.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
15. Patel, M.; Ayoub, M.; Idress, M.; Sircar, A. Development of a Novel Surfactant-Based Viscoelastic Fluid System as an Alternative Nonpolymeric Fracturing Fluid and Comparative Analysis with Traditional Guar Gum Gel Fluid. Polymers 2023, 15 (11), 2444. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15112444.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
16. Amir, Z.; Said, I.; Jan, B. In Situ Organically Cross-Linked Polymer Gel for High-Temperature Reservoir Conformance Control: A Review. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2019, 30 (1), 13–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.4455.Suche in Google Scholar
17. Bu, Q.; Li, P.; Xia, Y.; Hu, D.; Li, W.; Shi, D.; Song, K. Design, Synthesis, and Biomedical Application of Multifunctional Fluorescent Polymer Nanomaterials. Molecules 2023, 28 (9), 3819. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093819.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
18. Zhong, C.; Yang, B.; Jiang, X.; Li, J. Current Progress of Nanomaterials in Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensing. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2017, 48 (1), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2017.1360762.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
19. Liu, J.; Hui, D.; Lau, D. Two-dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Polymer Composites: Fundamentals and Applications. Nanotechnol. Rev. 2022, 11 (1), 770–792. https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0041.Suche in Google Scholar
20. Al-Muntasheri, G.; Liang, F.; Hull, K. Nanoparticle-Enhanced Hydraulic-Fracturing Fluids: A Review. SPE Prod. Oper. 2017, 32 (2), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.2118/185161-PA.Suche in Google Scholar
21. Liu, C.; Li, Y.; Wang, P.; Jiao, H.; Yao, X.; Zhao, G.; Dai, C.; You, Q. Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Nano-Composite Fracturing Fluid with Good Oil Displacement Ability in Tight Reservoir. J. Mol. Liq. 2022, 367, 120494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120494.Suche in Google Scholar
22. Yehia, F.; Gado, W.; Al-Gamal, A.; Nishu; Yang, C.; Liu, L.; Kabel, K. Synergistic Effect of Carbon Nanotubes, Zinc, and Copper Oxides on Rheological Properties of Fracturing Fluid: A Comparative Study. Processes 2024, 12 (3), 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12030611.Suche in Google Scholar
23. Wu, G.; Pan, J.; Anwaier, M.; Wu, J.; Xiao, P.; Zheng, L.; Wang, W.; Meng, X.; Wang, P.; Liu, J.; He, S.; Yang, X.; Zeng, M.; Zhu, D. Effect of Nano-SiO2 on the Flowback-Flooding Integrated Performance of Water-Based Fracturing Fluids. J. Mol. Liq. 2023, 379, 121686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121686.Suche in Google Scholar
24. Ran, Y.; Zhang, G.; Jiang, P.; Pei, H. Preparation Method and Performance Evaluation of a Gel Based on AM/AMPS Copolymer. Gels 2022, 8 (12), 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8120802.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
25. Kang, W.; Kang, X.; Lashari, Z.; Li, Z.; Zhou, B.; Yang, H.; Sarsenbekuly, B.; Aidarova, S. Progress of Polymer Gels for Conformance Control in Oilfield. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2021, 289, 102363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2021.102363.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
26. Jouenne, S. Polymer Flooding in High Temperature, High Salinity Conditions: Selection of Polymer Type and Polymer Chemistry, Thermal Stability. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 2020, 195, 107545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107545.Suche in Google Scholar
27. Huang, X.; Sun, J.; Huang, Y.; Yan, B.; Dong, X.; Liu, F.; Wang, R. Laponite: A Promising Nanomaterial to Formulate High-Performance Water-Based Drilling Fluids. Pet. Sci. 2021, 18, 579–590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-020-00516-z.Suche in Google Scholar
28. National Energy Administration of the People’s Republic of China SY/T 5185- 2016 Evaluation Method for Performance of Water – Based Sand – Carrying Fluids for Gravel Packing Sand Control; Petroleum Industry Press: Beijing, 2016.Suche in Google Scholar
29. Kostenuk, N.; Browne, D. Improved Proppant Transport System for Slickwater Shale Fracturing; OnePetro: Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2010; p. 137818.10.2118/137818-MSSuche in Google Scholar
30. Shen, K.; Liu, Z.; Xie, R.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Zhao, X.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, A.; Cheng, Y. Nanocomposite Conductive Hydrogels with Robust Elasticity and Multifunctional Responsiveness for Flexible Sensing and Wound Monitoring. Mater. Horiz. 2023, 10 (6), 2096–2108. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3mh00192j.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
31. Zhang, Q.; Tang, Y.; Zha, L.; Ma, J.; Liang, B. Effects of Hectorite Content on the Temperature-Sensitivity of PNIPAM Microgels. Eur. Polym. J. 2008, 44 (5), 1358–1367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.11.012.Suche in Google Scholar
32. Gao, W.; Xing, L.; Zhang, Q.; Chen, K.; Liu, P.; Chen, L.; Yang, N.; Zhang, X.; Wang, K.; Wei, Y. Nanocomposite Hydrogel Incorporated with Polymerizable Liquid Crystal Surfactant: Shape Transition from Layered to Honeycomb Pore Structure and Thermo/Swelling Behavior. React. Funct. Polym. 2016, 102, 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.03.011.Suche in Google Scholar
33. Haraguchi, K. Soft Nanohybrid Materials Consisting of Polymer–Clay Networks. Adv. Polym. Sci. 2014, 267, 187–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2014_287.Suche in Google Scholar
34. Shen, M.; Li, L.; Sun, Y.; Xu, J.; Guo, X.; Prud’homme, R. Rheology and Adhesion of Poly(acrylic acid)/Laponite Nanocomposite Hydrogels as Biocompatible Adhesives. Langmuir 2014, 30 (6), 1626–1642. https://doi.org/10.1021/la4045623.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
35. Haraguchi, K.; Li, H.; Matsuda, K.; Takehisa, T.; Elliott, E. Mechanism of Forming Organic/Inorganic Network Structures during In-Situ Free-Radical Polymerization in PNIPA−Clay Nanocomposite Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2005, 38 (8), 3482–3490. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma047431c.Suche in Google Scholar
36. Zhang, Q.; Li, X.; Chen, L. Sky-white Temperature/pH-Sensitive Nanocomposite Microgels with Lower Size and Good Temperature-Sensitivity. Polym. Polym. Compos. 2012, 20 (1–2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967391112020001-222.Suche in Google Scholar
37. Barnes, H. Thixotropy – A Review. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1997, 70 (1–2), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0257(97)00004-9.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Household Washing
- Effect of dosing aid size and consumer age on detergent dosage and discrepancies between perceived and measured laundry load in household washing
- Applications
- Impact of detergents on okra seed germination, plant growth and soil properties
- The limitations of flotation technique in processing complex Um Nar BIF: exploring sustainable alternatives
- Preparation and evaluation of hydroxymethylated betaine surfactant for enhanced recovery application
- Physical Chemistry
- Physical chemistry of nanoparticle reinforced polymer fracturing fluid system with high temperature resistance
- Novel Surfactants
- Scrutinizing self-assembly, interfacial properties and antimicrobial behavior of pyrrolidinium-based monomeric surfactants
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Household Washing
- Effect of dosing aid size and consumer age on detergent dosage and discrepancies between perceived and measured laundry load in household washing
- Applications
- Impact of detergents on okra seed germination, plant growth and soil properties
- The limitations of flotation technique in processing complex Um Nar BIF: exploring sustainable alternatives
- Preparation and evaluation of hydroxymethylated betaine surfactant for enhanced recovery application
- Physical Chemistry
- Physical chemistry of nanoparticle reinforced polymer fracturing fluid system with high temperature resistance
- Novel Surfactants
- Scrutinizing self-assembly, interfacial properties and antimicrobial behavior of pyrrolidinium-based monomeric surfactants
