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Scrutinizing self-assembly, interfacial properties and antimicrobial behavior of pyrrolidinium-based monomeric surfactants

  • Roheela Farzeen

    Ms. Roheela Farzeen is Ph.D. Research Scholar in Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, H.P., India. She is working on pyrrolidine-based surfactants.

         , Jaswinder Kaur

    Dr. Jaswinder Kaur got her Ph.D. in Chemistry recently from Eternal University with the guidance of Prof. Kamal Kishore and presently serving as teaching associate in Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, H.P., India. Her area of interest is imidazolium surfactants, gemini surfactants.

         , Palak

    Ms. Palak completed her master’s in chemistry in year 2024 and currently Ph.D. Research Scholar in Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, H.P., India. Her research area is pyrazole-based surfactants.

         , Tarlok Singh Banipal , Madan Lal , Sanjay Kumar Upadhyaya , Nandita Thakur

    Dr. Nandita Thakur is presently serving Post Graduate Teacher (Biology) in Department of Sciences, Akal Academy, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, H·P., India. She got her Ph.D. Degree in Biotechnology from Eternal University, Baru Sahib in 2021. Her area of interest is phytochemical and bioactivities of cereal crops.

         and Kamal Kishore

    Dr. Kamal Kishore is working as Professor Cum Head in Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eternal University Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh (India). He has fourteen years of teaching and one year of pharmaceutical industry (Alkem Laboratories Ltd.) experience. He received his Ph.D. degree in Chemistry entitled, “Physico-chemical, thermal and acoustical behavior of terbium soaps” from B.U. Bhopal (M.P.) under the supervision of Prof. S.K. Upadhyaya (Ex. CSIR pool officer and recipient of Dr. Radhakrishnan Award).

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Published/Copyright: July 18, 2025
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 62 Issue 5

Abstract

Pyrrolidine surfactants are environmentally friendly compounds that exhibit good surface activity and have a wide range of applications. In this study, two monomeric pyrrolidinium surfactants (1-methyl-1-hexadecylpyrrolidin-1-ium bromide and 1-methyl-1-octadecylpyrrolidin-1-ium bromide) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI MS, FTIR and TGA. Furthermore, the conductivity, density, viscosity, and surface tension of the synthesized surfactants were studied at four temperatures ((i.e. 288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K) using distilled water as the solvent. The conductivity results comfirmed that these surfactants are weak electrolytes. The strong interactions between the surfactant and the solvent molecules were confirmed by the constant values obtained from the density (A and B using Root equation) and the viscosity ( V ‾ using the Einstein equation and M and K using the Moulik equation) data. The surface tension parameters such as the critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess concentration (τ max), minimum area adsorbed (A min) and adsorption efficiency (pC20) confirmed that these surfactants are good candidates for lowering the surface tension. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the compounds are thermally stable at 663.15 K with an activation energy for thermal decomposition in the range of (28.27–26.14) kJ mol−1. Additionally, the antimicrobial action of both pyrrolidinium monomeric surfactants has been confirmed.

Keywords: micellization; surface-active properties; monomeric pyrrolidinium-based surfactants
Corresponding author: Kamal Kishore, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, 173101, H.P., India, E-mail:

About the authors

Roheela Farzeen

Ms. Roheela Farzeen is Ph.D. Research Scholar in Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, H.P., India. She is working on pyrrolidine-based surfactants.

Jaswinder Kaur

Dr. Jaswinder Kaur got her Ph.D. in Chemistry recently from Eternal University with the guidance of Prof. Kamal Kishore and presently serving as teaching associate in Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, H.P., India. Her area of interest is imidazolium surfactants, gemini surfactants.

Palak

Ms. Palak completed her master’s in chemistry in year 2024 and currently Ph.D. Research Scholar in Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, H.P., India. Her research area is pyrazole-based surfactants.

Nandita Thakur

Dr. Nandita Thakur is presently serving Post Graduate Teacher (Biology) in Department of Sciences, Akal Academy, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, H·P., India. She got her Ph.D. Degree in Biotechnology from Eternal University, Baru Sahib in 2021. Her area of interest is phytochemical and bioactivities of cereal crops.

Kamal Kishore

Dr. Kamal Kishore is working as Professor Cum Head in Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eternal University Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh (India). He has fourteen years of teaching and one year of pharmaceutical industry (Alkem Laboratories Ltd.) experience. He received his Ph.D. degree in Chemistry entitled, “Physico-chemical, thermal and acoustical behavior of terbium soaps” from B.U. Bhopal (M.P.) under the supervision of Prof. S.K. Upadhyaya (Ex. CSIR pool officer and recipient of Dr. Radhakrishnan Award).

Acknowledgments

The author expresses gratitude to the Hon. Babaji (Dr.) Devender Singh, Chancellor of Eternal University Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, for his continuous support and assistance during the work and to IIT Mandi, STIC Cochin, for significant characterizations.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Conceptualization, T.S.B. Methodology, J.K. Formal analysis, M.L. Investigation, R.F. Writing – original draft preparation, R.F. Writing – review and editing, K.K. Visualization, P. and N.T. Supervision, S.K.U.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: None declared.

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2025-2670).

Received: 2025-03-17
Accepted: 2025-06-26
Published Online: 2025-07-18
Published in Print: 2025-09-25

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2025-2670
Keywords for this article
micellization; surface-active properties; monomeric pyrrolidinium-based surfactants

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Household Washing
  3. Effect of dosing aid size and consumer age on detergent dosage and discrepancies between perceived and measured laundry load in household washing
  4. Applications
  5. Impact of detergents on okra seed germination, plant growth and soil properties
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