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Cationic Gemini surfactants: a review on synthesis and their applications

  • Bharti Naik

    Bharti Naik received her master’s degree in Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology from Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai in 2018. She is currently working as research scholar in Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai.

         , Susmita S. Paranjpe

    Susmita S. Paranjpe received her master’s degree in Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology from Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai in 2024. She is currently working as scientist in Reliance Consumer Ltd.

         and Chandu S. Madankar

    Chandu S. Madankar got his Ph. D. from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India in the field of Chemical Technology. He has published 30 research/review articles and attended several national and international conferences. He was the recipient of the Canadian Commonwealth Fellowship in University of Saskatchewan, Canada in 2011. Currently Dr. Madankar is working as Assistant Professor at the Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Department.

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Published/Copyright: September 3, 2024
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 61 Issue 5

Abstract

The molecules of Gemini surfactants are dimeric and consist of two monomeric surfactant units linked by a spacer. Among them, cationic Gemini surfactants have a wide range of application in various industrial sectors such as pharmaceuticals, home and personal care, corrosion inhibition, etc. Various methods of synthesis have been investigated and tested for the synthesis of cationic Gemini surfactants. The surface properties of Gemini surfactants are highly dependent on various factors like spacer, headgroups, counterions, etc. The cationic Gemini surfactants have lower CMC values as compared to their monomeric analogues. This review highlights the different methods for the synthesis of cationic Gemini surfactants and the applications of these surfactants in different fields are presented.

Keywords: Gemini surfactants; cationic surfactants; CMC; spacer chain length
Corresponding author: Chandu S. Madankar, Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, 80493 Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai, India, E-mail:

About the authors

Bharti Naik

Bharti Naik received her master’s degree in Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology from Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai in 2018. She is currently working as research scholar in Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai.

Susmita S. Paranjpe

Susmita S. Paranjpe received her master’s degree in Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology from Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai in 2024. She is currently working as scientist in Reliance Consumer Ltd.

Chandu S. Madankar

Chandu S. Madankar got his Ph. D. from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India in the field of Chemical Technology. He has published 30 research/review articles and attended several national and international conferences. He was the recipient of the Canadian Commonwealth Fellowship in University of Saskatchewan, Canada in 2011. Currently Dr. Madankar is working as Assistant Professor at the Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Department.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: Naik Bharti – Author has edited the paper, done all the revisions and corrections of the paper. Paranjpe Susmita – Author has written manuscript and helped in material preparation, and data collection. Chandu Madankar – Author has contributed to the study conception, design, review and corrections into the paper. The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  5. Research funding: Not applicable.

  6. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-02-13
Accepted: 2024-06-12
Published Online: 2024-09-03
Published in Print: 2024-09-25

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Short Communication
  3. Removal of indomethacin from water using covalent organic polymers
  4. EU CLP Regulation
  5. The EU Detergent Industry Network ‘DetNet’ – an industry approach for the EU CLP classification of detergent and cleaning products for skin and eye effects
  6. Dishwashing
  7. Short and sweet: balancing energy savings and cleaning performance to identify efficient short-cycles for domestic dishwashers
  8. Saving resources without sacrificing results: an empirical investigation of the dishwashing reality of British consumers in an international comparison
  9. Synthesis
  10. Synthesis and emulsification properties of polyglyceryl estolides prepared from fatty acids
  11. Hydroformylation of branched olefins catalyzed by Co2(CO)8 for synthesis of branched alcohol ethoxylates and their surfactant properties
  12. Physical Chemistry
  13. Rheological characterization on novel viscoelastic tetrameric polyhydroxy cationic surfactant/sodium chloride micelle solutions
  14. Dynamic light scattering study on quercetin/surfactant/solvent system
  15. Comparative studies on physicochemical properties of cadmium and neodymium soaps in solid-state
  16. Enhanced removal of toxic Disperse Blue 35 dye through cloud point extraction: influence of parameters and solvent regeneration
  17. Review Article
  18. Cationic Gemini surfactants: a review on synthesis and their applications
https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2024-2585
Keywords for this article
Gemini surfactants; cationic surfactants; CMC; spacer chain length

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Short Communication
  3. Removal of indomethacin from water using covalent organic polymers
  4. EU CLP Regulation
  5. The EU Detergent Industry Network ‘DetNet’ – an industry approach for the EU CLP classification of detergent and cleaning products for skin and eye effects
  6. Dishwashing
  7. Short and sweet: balancing energy savings and cleaning performance to identify efficient short-cycles for domestic dishwashers
  8. Saving resources without sacrificing results: an empirical investigation of the dishwashing reality of British consumers in an international comparison
  9. Synthesis
  10. Synthesis and emulsification properties of polyglyceryl estolides prepared from fatty acids
  11. Hydroformylation of branched olefins catalyzed by Co2(CO)8 for synthesis of branched alcohol ethoxylates and their surfactant properties
  12. Physical Chemistry
  13. Rheological characterization on novel viscoelastic tetrameric polyhydroxy cationic surfactant/sodium chloride micelle solutions
  14. Dynamic light scattering study on quercetin/surfactant/solvent system
  15. Comparative studies on physicochemical properties of cadmium and neodymium soaps in solid-state
  16. Enhanced removal of toxic Disperse Blue 35 dye through cloud point extraction: influence of parameters and solvent regeneration
  17. Review Article
  18. Cationic Gemini surfactants: a review on synthesis and their applications
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