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Enhanced removal of toxic Disperse Blue 35 dye through cloud point extraction: influence of parameters and solvent regeneration

  • Houaria Benkhedja

    Houaria Benkhedja, associate professor of chemical engineering at the University of Science and Technology of Oran (USTO), Algeria.

     EMAIL logo     , Halima Ghouas

    Halima Ghouas, associate professor of chemical engineering at the Higher school of electrical engineering and energy of Oran (ESGEEO), Algeria.

         , Abedelkader Benderrag

    Abedelkader Benderrag, associate professor of chemical engineering at the University of Oran 1, Algeria.

         and Boumediene Haddou

    Boumediene Haddou, professor of chemical engineering at the University of Science and Technology of Oran (USTO), Algeria.
Published/Copyright: August 7, 2024
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 61 Issue 5

Abstract

The release of the dye Disperse Blue 35 (DB35) into water has serious environmental and health consequences, due to its toxicity and resistance to degradation. This paper investigates the effectiveness of cloud point extraction (CPE) to remove this industrial dye from aqueous solution by Lutensol AO7 and Triton X-114, two environmentally friendly nonionic surfactants. First, the partial phase diagrams of the water–surfactant binary systems are constructed. Then, the effects of pollutants, sodium sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the cloud point temperature (T c) are determined. The experimental results are expressed by four responses: Extraction efficiency (E), residual concentrations of solute and surfactant in the dilute phase (X s,w and X t,w, respectively) and the volume fraction of coacervate (Ф c). An empirical smoothing method was applied. For each parameter, the results obtained were modeled using the response surface methodology (RSM) and represented on three-dimensional diagrams. The results show that the efficiency of dye extraction with Lutensol AO7 and Triton X-114 at a concentration of 6 wt% is about 95 % and 82 %, respectively. The influence of salt and ionic surfactant on the effectiveness of CPE for the removal of DB 35 dye was determined. The regeneration of surfactant was only achieved by pH adjustment.

Keywords: extraction; textile dye; Disperse Blue 35; non-ionic surfactant; cloud point; solvent regeneration
Corresponding author: Houaria Benkhedja, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Catalysis and Environment (LPCM-CE), University of Sciences and Technology of Oran, Mohamed Boudiaf, BP 1505 El M’Naouer, 31000, Oran, Algeria, E-mail:

About the authors

Houaria Benkhedja

Houaria Benkhedja, associate professor of chemical engineering at the University of Science and Technology of Oran (USTO), Algeria.

Halima Ghouas

Halima Ghouas, associate professor of chemical engineering at the Higher school of electrical engineering and energy of Oran (ESGEEO), Algeria.

Abedelkader Benderrag

Abedelkader Benderrag, associate professor of chemical engineering at the University of Oran 1, Algeria.

Boumediene Haddou

Boumediene Haddou, professor of chemical engineering at the University of Science and Technology of Oran (USTO), Algeria.

Symbols

DB 35

Disperse Blue 35

CMC

Critical micelle concentration (M)

E

Extraction efficiency (%)

X t, w

Residual concentration of surfactant (g/L)

X s,w

Residual concentration of solute (g/L)

X t

Initial concentration of surfactant (wt%)

T

Temperature (°C)

T c

Clouding temperature (°C)

Ф c

Volume fraction of coacervate

TX-114

Triton X-114

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Directorate General of Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRSDT) and the Laboratory of Materials Physico-Chemistry U. S. T. Oran, Algeria.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: Houaria Benkhedja and Halima Ghouas was a major contributor in writing the manuscript, performed the experimental part in the laboratory and contributed in analysis and discussion of the results. Abdelkader Benderrag revised the manuscript and contributed key inputs. Boumedienne Haddou was responsible for the overall control of the article’s ideas and the structure of writing.

  3. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: Not applicable.

  5. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-03-29
Accepted: 2024-07-15
Published Online: 2024-08-07
Published in Print: 2024-09-25

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Short Communication
  3. Removal of indomethacin from water using covalent organic polymers
  4. EU CLP Regulation
  5. The EU Detergent Industry Network ‘DetNet’ – an industry approach for the EU CLP classification of detergent and cleaning products for skin and eye effects
  6. Dishwashing
  7. Short and sweet: balancing energy savings and cleaning performance to identify efficient short-cycles for domestic dishwashers
  8. Saving resources without sacrificing results: an empirical investigation of the dishwashing reality of British consumers in an international comparison
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  10. Synthesis and emulsification properties of polyglyceryl estolides prepared from fatty acids
  11. Hydroformylation of branched olefins catalyzed by Co2(CO)8 for synthesis of branched alcohol ethoxylates and their surfactant properties
  12. Physical Chemistry
  13. Rheological characterization on novel viscoelastic tetrameric polyhydroxy cationic surfactant/sodium chloride micelle solutions
  14. Dynamic light scattering study on quercetin/surfactant/solvent system
  15. Comparative studies on physicochemical properties of cadmium and neodymium soaps in solid-state
  16. Enhanced removal of toxic Disperse Blue 35 dye through cloud point extraction: influence of parameters and solvent regeneration
  17. Review Article
  18. Cationic Gemini surfactants: a review on synthesis and their applications
https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2024-2592
Keywords for this article
extraction; textile dye; Disperse Blue 35; non-ionic surfactant; cloud point; solvent regeneration

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Short Communication
  3. Removal of indomethacin from water using covalent organic polymers
  4. EU CLP Regulation
  5. The EU Detergent Industry Network ‘DetNet’ – an industry approach for the EU CLP classification of detergent and cleaning products for skin and eye effects
  6. Dishwashing
  7. Short and sweet: balancing energy savings and cleaning performance to identify efficient short-cycles for domestic dishwashers
  8. Saving resources without sacrificing results: an empirical investigation of the dishwashing reality of British consumers in an international comparison
  9. Synthesis
  10. Synthesis and emulsification properties of polyglyceryl estolides prepared from fatty acids
  11. Hydroformylation of branched olefins catalyzed by Co2(CO)8 for synthesis of branched alcohol ethoxylates and their surfactant properties
  12. Physical Chemistry
  13. Rheological characterization on novel viscoelastic tetrameric polyhydroxy cationic surfactant/sodium chloride micelle solutions
  14. Dynamic light scattering study on quercetin/surfactant/solvent system
  15. Comparative studies on physicochemical properties of cadmium and neodymium soaps in solid-state
  16. Enhanced removal of toxic Disperse Blue 35 dye through cloud point extraction: influence of parameters and solvent regeneration
  17. Review Article
  18. Cationic Gemini surfactants: a review on synthesis and their applications
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