Performance Evaluation of the Percarbonate and Perborate Bleach Activators Synthesized by a Low-Cost, Two-Step Method from Phenol
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Omid Shojaei
Omid Shojaei has obtained his MS in Applied Chemistry from the University of Tehran in 2007, and his thesis topic was surfactant production and application in detergents. After his graduation, he started working as a researcher in the research Group of Chemical Processes design, ACECR, for the University of Tehran. He became the permanent employee of ACECR in 2015 and now is the director of the commercialization office for chemical products at ACECER. His research interest is surfactant production and application as well as chemical scale inhibition.
Abstract
Bleach activators decrease the energy consumption and fabrics damage in the process of laundry and industrial cotton bleaching. Herein, we demonstrate a low-cost, two-step method for the synthesis of sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate and sodium lauroyloxybenzene sulfonate from phenol as a simple precursor material for efficient bleach activators. Initially, phenol was sulfonated to sodium p-phenolsulfonate. In the second step, it was acylated with nonanoyl chloride and dodecanoyl chloride to synthesize sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate and sodium lauroyloxybenzene sulfonate, respectively. Sodium p-phenolsulfonate and the obtained bleach activators were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, IR-, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The investigation of their detergency efficiency on different stains and substrates revealed that the as-synthesized bleach activators outperform the commercial tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) at room temperature (25°C). The detergency efficiency of sodium lauroyloxybenzene sulfonate for hydrophobic stains at a rather low temperature of 40°C remarkably rises to about 90%.
Zusammenfassung
Bleichaktivatoren verringern den Energieverbrauch und die Gewebeschädigung beim Waschen und bei der industriellen Baumwollbleiche. Hierin wird eine kostengünstige, zweistufige Methode zur Synthese von Natrium-Nonanoyloxybenzensulfonat und Natrium-Lauroyloxybenzensulfonat aus Phenol als einfaches Ausgangsmaterial für effiziente Bleichaktivatoren entwickelt. Zunächst wurde Phenol zu Natrium-p-phenolsulfonat sulfoniert. Im zweiten Schritt wurde es mit Nonanoylchlorid und Dodecanoylchlorid acyliert, um Natrium-Nonanoyloxybenzensulfonat bzw. Natrium-Lauroyloxybenzensulfonat zu erhalten. Natrium-p-phenolsulfonat und die erhaltenen Bleichaktivatoren wurden durch thermogravimetrische Analyse, IR- und 1H NMR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Die Untersuchung ihrer Reinigungswirkung auf verschiedenen Flecken und Substraten ergab, dass die so synthetisierten Bleichaktivatoren das kommerzielle Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED) bei Raumtemperatur (25°C) übertreffen. Die Waschkraft von Natriumlauroyloxybenzensulfonat für hydrophobe Flecken erhöht sich bei einer eher niedrigen Temperatur von 40°C bemerkenswerter auf ca. 90%.
About the author
Omid Shojaei has obtained his MS in Applied Chemistry from the University of Tehran in 2007, and his thesis topic was surfactant production and application in detergents. After his graduation, he started working as a researcher in the research Group of Chemical Processes design, ACECR, for the University of Tehran. He became the permanent employee of ACECR in 2015 and now is the director of the commercialization office for chemical products at ACECER. His research interest is surfactant production and application as well as chemical scale inhibition.
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Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Behdash Chemical Co. for providing access to their facilities during the research and the University of Tehran for supporting the work. Furthermore, I would like to thank Prof. Abdoljalil Mostashari and Prof. Mehdi Ghandi for their helpful comments during working on the project.
References
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© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston, Germany
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents
- Review Article
- Hygiene in Commercial Dishwashing – A Review about the State of Knowledge in Research, Standardization, Regulation and Market Information
- Personal Care
- Evaluation of the Quality of Bath Cosmetics in Powder Form Depending on the Selection of Fillers
- Weakening of the Transdermal Effect of p-Phenylenediamine Pigments by the Temperature-Sensitive Poloxamer Sodium Alginate Gel
- Detergent Ingredients
- Performance Evaluation of the Percarbonate and Perborate Bleach Activators Synthesized by a Low-Cost, Two-Step Method from Phenol
- Application
- Research of a Surfactant Gel with Potential Application in Oilfield
- Physical Chemistry
- Interaction of Surface Active Drug Promethazine Hydrochloride with Surfactants: Drug Release from Microemulsions
- Activity of Polyphenoloxidase in red Fuji Apples Promoted with Cationic Surfactant – Role of Surfactant Structure
- Effect of Oxyethylene Groups of Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether Sodium Sulfates on Equilibrium and Dynamic Surface Tension in Relation to Wetting Properties
- Synthesis
- Synthesis and Aggregation of Novel Sugar-based Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solution
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents
- Review Article
- Hygiene in Commercial Dishwashing – A Review about the State of Knowledge in Research, Standardization, Regulation and Market Information
- Personal Care
- Evaluation of the Quality of Bath Cosmetics in Powder Form Depending on the Selection of Fillers
- Weakening of the Transdermal Effect of p-Phenylenediamine Pigments by the Temperature-Sensitive Poloxamer Sodium Alginate Gel
- Detergent Ingredients
- Performance Evaluation of the Percarbonate and Perborate Bleach Activators Synthesized by a Low-Cost, Two-Step Method from Phenol
- Application
- Research of a Surfactant Gel with Potential Application in Oilfield
- Physical Chemistry
- Interaction of Surface Active Drug Promethazine Hydrochloride with Surfactants: Drug Release from Microemulsions
- Activity of Polyphenoloxidase in red Fuji Apples Promoted with Cationic Surfactant – Role of Surfactant Structure
- Effect of Oxyethylene Groups of Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether Sodium Sulfates on Equilibrium and Dynamic Surface Tension in Relation to Wetting Properties
- Synthesis
- Synthesis and Aggregation of Novel Sugar-based Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solution
