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Activity of Polyphenoloxidase in red Fuji Apples Promoted with Cationic Surfactant – Role of Surfactant Structure

  • Maozhang Tian

    Maozhang Tian: State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, P.R.China

         , Fan Zhang

    Fan Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, P.R.China.

         , Lu Wang

    Lu Wang: State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, P.R.China.

         , Xing Dong

    Xing Dong: NO.2 Produce Plant, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Petro China, Karamay 834008, PR China, P.R.China.

         , Lifei Zhang

    Lifei Zhang: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P.R.China

         and Xia Guo

    Xia Guo: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P.R.China.

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Published/Copyright: September 25, 2021
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 58 Issue 5

Abstract

In this study, we observed the activity of polyphenoloxidase (PPO) in red Fuji apples in the presence of single-chained surfactants (including cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB)) and gemini surfactants (pentamethylene-α,ω-bis(dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide), octamethylene-α,ω-bis(dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, dodecamethylene-α,ω-bis(dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide), pentamethylene-α,ω-bis(cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide), and octamethylene-α,ω-bis(cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide)). It was found that all these surfactants enhanced the activity of PPO in a wide range of temperature at low content. When PPO was denatured by incubating at high temperature, the surfactants caused reactivation of PPO. Compared to the single-chained surfactants, the gemini surfactants increased PPO activity at a much lower concentration. Moreover, the single-chained surfactant and the gemini surfactant acted together to further increase PPO activity, and the synergistic effect reduced the amount of surfactant used. In addition, the Michaelis-Menten constant for PPO did not change in the presence of the surfactants, suggesting the active site should remain well with the surfactants.

Zusammenfassung

In dieser Studie haben wir die Aktivität der Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) in roten Fuji-Äpfeln in Gegenwart von den einfach-kettigen Tensiden Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromid (CTAB) und Dodecyltrimethylammoniumbromid (DTAB) und den folgenden Gemini-Tensiden untersucht: Pentamethylen-α,ωbis(dodecyldimethylammoniumbromid), Octamethylen-α,ω-bis (dodecyldimethylammoniumbromid, Dodecamethylen-α,ω-bis (dodecyldimethylammoniumbromid), Pentamethylen-α,ω-bis (cetyldimethylammoniumbromid) und Octamethylen-α,ω-bis(cetyldimethylammoniumbromid). Es wurde festgestellt, dass alle diese Tenside die Aktivität von PPO in einem weiten Temperaturbereich bei niedrigem Gehalt verstärkten. Wenn PPO durch Inkubation bei hoher Temperatur denaturiert wurde, bewirkten die Tenside eine Reaktivierung von PPO. Im Vergleich zu den ein fach-kettigen Tensiden erhöhten die Gemini-Tenside die PPO-Aktivität bei einer viel geringeren Konzentration. Darüber hinaus wirkten das einfach-kettige Tensid und das Geminitensid zusammen, um die PPO-Aktivität weiter zu erhöhen, und der synergistische Effekt reduzierte die Menge des verwendeten Tensids. Außerdem änderte sich die Michaelis-Menten-Konstante für PPO in Anwesenheit der Tenside nicht, was darauf hindeutet, dass die aktive Stelle mit den Tensiden gut erhalten bleibt.

Key words: surfactant, gemini surfactant; polyphenoloxidase; red Fuji apple; enzyme activity
Stichwörter: Tensid; Gemini-Tensid; Polyphenoloxidase; roter Fuji-Apfel; Enzymaktivität
Prof. Dr. Xia Guo School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225002 P.R.China Tel: +86-0514-87975590-9513 Fax: +86-0514-87975244

About the authors

Maozhang Tian

Maozhang Tian: State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, P.R.China

Fan Zhang

Fan Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, P.R.China.

Lu Wang

Lu Wang: State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, P.R.China.

Xing Dong

Xing Dong: NO.2 Produce Plant, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Petro China, Karamay 834008, PR China, P.R.China.

Lifei Zhang

Lifei Zhang: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P.R.China

Prof. Dr. Xia Guo

Xia Guo: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P.R.China.

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by national natural scientific foundation of China (No. 21872120) and a project funded by the priority academic program development of Jiangsu higher education institutions (PAPD).

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Supporting Information

Table S1

Elemental analysis data for the gemini surfactants

surfactant C/% N/% H/%
C12–C5–C12 Calcd. 60.35 4.27 11.05
(C33H72N2Br2) Found 60.44 4.06 11.21
C12–C8–C12 Calcd. 61.87 4.01 11.25
(C36H78N2Br2) Found 61.95 3.96 11.20
C12–C12–C12 Calcd. 63.64 3.71 11.48
(C40H86N2Br2) Found 63.58 3.96 11.20
C16–C5–C16 Calcd. 64.04 3.64 11.54
(C41H88N2Br2) Found 64.25 3.91 11.40
C16–C8–C16 Calcd. 65.16 3.46 11.68
(C44H94N2Br2) Found 65.32 3.21 11.76
Figure S1 1H NMR spectrum for C12–C8–C12 in D2O
Figure S1

1H NMR spectrum for C12–C8–C12 in D2O

Figure S2 1H NMR spectrum for C16–C8–C16 in D2O
Figure S2

1H NMR spectrum for C16–C8–C16 in D2O

Figure S3 1H NMR spectrum for C12–C5–C12 in D2O
Figure S3

1H NMR spectrum for C12–C5–C12 in D2O

Figure S4 1H NMR spectrum for C16–C5–C16 in D2O (sodium 3-(trimethyl silyl)-1-propane sulfonate (DSS, dissolved in D2O) was used as an external standard)
Figure S4

1H NMR spectrum for C16–C5–C16 in D2O (sodium 3-(trimethyl silyl)-1-propane sulfonate (DSS, dissolved in D2O) was used as an external standard)

Figure S5 1H NMR spectrum for C12–C12–C12 in D2O
Figure S5

1H NMR spectrum for C12–C12–C12 in D2O

Figure S6 Activity of crude PPO in the presence of surfactant at different pH
Figure S6

Activity of crude PPO in the presence of surfactant at different pH

Received: 2020-10-31
Accepted: 2021-05-22
Published Online: 2021-09-25
Published in Print: 2021-09-30

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston, Germany

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https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2020-2322
Keywords for this article
surfactant, gemini surfactant; polyphenoloxidase; red Fuji apple; enzyme activity

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Review Article
  3. Hygiene in Commercial Dishwashing – A Review about the State of Knowledge in Research, Standardization, Regulation and Market Information
  4. Personal Care
  5. Evaluation of the Quality of Bath Cosmetics in Powder Form Depending on the Selection of Fillers
  6. Weakening of the Transdermal Effect of p-Phenylenediamine Pigments by the Temperature-Sensitive Poloxamer Sodium Alginate Gel
  7. Detergent Ingredients
  8. Performance Evaluation of the Percarbonate and Perborate Bleach Activators Synthesized by a Low-Cost, Two-Step Method from Phenol
  9. Application
  10. Research of a Surfactant Gel with Potential Application in Oilfield
  11. Physical Chemistry
  12. Interaction of Surface Active Drug Promethazine Hydrochloride with Surfactants: Drug Release from Microemulsions
  13. Activity of Polyphenoloxidase in red Fuji Apples Promoted with Cationic Surfactant – Role of Surfactant Structure
  14. Effect of Oxyethylene Groups of Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether Sodium Sulfates on Equilibrium and Dynamic Surface Tension in Relation to Wetting Properties
  15. Synthesis
  16. Synthesis and Aggregation of Novel Sugar-based Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solution
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