Abstract
This paper puts forward an analysis of cliticization within the framework of phases (cf. Chomsky 2000 et seq.). In particular, it is argued that object clitics in Romance A-move as XPs to the v*P phase edge, adhering to standard locality constraints (the Phase Impenetrability Condition). The proposal is explored in the context of clitic climbing (and “restructuring”), which is related here to the existence of defective domains where the relevant Probe (v*) fails to assign Case to the Goal (the clitic). Finally, the possibility that semantic effects are associated to climbing (cf. Uriagereka 2002) is also considered, in line with the interpretation triggered by displacement processes of the object shift sort (cf. Chomsky 2001).
Acknowledgements
Previous (and partial) versions of this paper were presented at the workshop Meeting Clitics (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008), the Going Romance 23 (Radboud University Nijmegen, 2009), and the Colloquium on Generative Grammar 21 (Universidad de Sevilla, 2011), whose audiences I thank for questions and comments. I am indebted to Noam Chomsky, Mª Pilar Colomina, Francisco Ordóñez, Milan Rezac, Gemma Rigau, Ian G. Roberts, Francesc Roca, and Juan Uriagereka for questions and much on-going discussion. Thanks also to two anonymous reviewers for questions and comments. This research has been partially supported by grants from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (FFI2014-56968-C4-2-P), and the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR-1013). Usual disclaimers apply.
References
Abels, Klaus. 2001. *[P-clitic]! – Why?. University of Connecticut manuscript.Suche in Google Scholar
Abels, Klaus. 2003. Successive cyclicity, anti-Locality, and adposition stranding. Storrs, CT: University of Connecticut dissertation.Suche in Google Scholar
Belletti, Adriana. 1999. Italian/Romance clitics: Structure and derivation. In Henk Van Riemsdijk (ed.), Clitics in the languages of Europe, 543–579. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110804010.543Suche in Google Scholar
Belletti, Adriana. 2001. Past participial agreement. Università di Siena manuscript.Suche in Google Scholar
Belletti, Adriana. 2005. Extended doubling and the VP periphery. Probus 17. 1–35.10.1515/prbs.2005.17.1.1Suche in Google Scholar
Bhatt, Rajesh. 2005. Long distance agreement in Hindi-Urdu. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 23. 757–807.10.1007/s11049-004-4136-0Suche in Google Scholar
Biberauer, Theresa & Ian G. Roberts. 2010. Subjects, tense and verb-movement. In Theresa Biberauer, Anders Holmberg, Ian G. Roberts & Michelle Sheehan (eds.), Parametric variation. Null subjects in minimalist theory, 263–302. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511770784.008Suche in Google Scholar
Bonet, Eulàlia. 2002. Clitització. In Joan Solà, Maria-Rosa Lloret, Manuel Pérez Saldanya & Joan Mascaró (eds.), Gramàtica del català contemporani, 933–989. Barcelona: Empúries.Suche in Google Scholar
Bošković, Željko. 2012. Phases in NPs and DPs. In Ángel J.Gallego (ed.), Phases: Developing the framework, 343–383. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110264104.343Suche in Google Scholar
Cardinaletti, Anna & Ur Shlonsky. 2004. Clitic positions and restructuring in Italian. Linguistic Inquiry 35. 519–557.10.1162/0024389042350523Suche in Google Scholar
Cardinaletti, Anna & Michal Starke. 1999. The typology of structural deficiency: On the three grammatical classes. In H. van Riemsdijk (ed.), Clitics in the languages of Europe, 145–233. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110804010.145Suche in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 1975 [1955]. The logical structure of linguistic theory. New York: Plenum.Suche in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 1986. Barriers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 1995. Categories and transformations. In The minimalist program, 219–394. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 2000. Minimalist inquiries: The framework. In Roger Martin, David Michaels, Juan Uriagereka & Samuel Jay Keyser (eds.), Step by step. Essays on minimalist syntax in honor of Howard Lasnik, 89–155. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 2001. Derivation by phase. In Michael Kenstowicz (ed.), Ken Hale: A life in language, 1–52. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/4056.003.0004Suche in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 2004. Beyond explanatory adequacy. In Adriana Belletti (ed.), Structures and beyond: The cartography of syntactic structures, vol. 3, 104–131. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780195171976.003.0004Suche in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 2007. Approaching UG from below. In Uli Sauerland & Hans-Martin Gärtner (eds.), Interfaces + recursion = language? Chomsky’s minimalism and the view from syntax-semantics, 1–30. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110207552-001Suche in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 2008. On phases. In Robert Freidin, Carlos P. Otero & Maria Luisa Zubizarreta (eds.), Foundational issues in linguistic theory. Essays in honor of Jean-Roger Vergnaud, 134–166. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/9780262062787.003.0007Suche in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 2013. Problems of projection. Lingua 130. 33–49.10.1075/la.223.01choSuche in Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam.2015. Problems of projection: Extensions. In Elisa DiDomenico, Cornelia Hamann & Simona Matteini (eds.), Structures, strategies and beyond: Studies in honor of Adriana Belletti, 1–16. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/la.223.01choSuche in Google Scholar
Cinque, Guglielmo. 2004. Restructuring and functional structure. In Adriana Belletti (ed.), Structures and beyond. The cartography of syntactic structures, vol. 3, 132–191. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780195171976.003.0005Suche in Google Scholar
Cinque, Guglielmo. 2006. Restructuring and functional heads. The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, vol. 4. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780195179545.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Colomina, Ma Pilar. 2015. Variación en las combinaciones de pronombres: un análisis contrastivo del español, el catalán y el aragonés. Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BA Final Paper.Suche in Google Scholar
Déchaîne, Rose-Marie & Martine Wiltschko. 2002. Decomposing pronouns. Linguistic Inquiry 33. 409–442.10.1162/002438902760168554Suche in Google Scholar
Demonte, Violeta & Olga Fernández-Soriano. 2013. El que citativo, otros que de la periferia izquierda oracional y la recomplementación. In Daniel Jakob & Katya Plooj (eds.), Autour de ‘que’, 47–69. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Suche in Google Scholar
Donati, Caterina. 2006. On wh-head movement. In Lisa Lai-Shen Cheng & Norbert Corver (eds.), Wh-movement: Moving on, 21–46. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/7197.003.0006Suche in Google Scholar
Etxepare, Ricardo. 2010. From hearsay evidentiality to samesaying relations. Lingua 120. 604–627.10.1016/j.lingua.2008.07.009Suche in Google Scholar
Fernández-Soriano, Olga. 1989. Strong pronouns in null-subject languages and the Avoid Pronoun Principle. MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 11. 228–239.Suche in Google Scholar
Fernández-Soriano, Olga. 1993. Los pronombres átonos. Madrid: Taurus.Suche in Google Scholar
Gallego, Ángel J. 2007. Phase theory and parametric variation. Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona dissertation.Suche in Google Scholar
Gallego, Ángel J. 2012. Introduction: A framework of phases for linguistic theory. In Ángel J. Gallego (ed.), Phases: Developing the framework, 9–43. Berlin: De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110264104.9Suche in Google Scholar
Giannakidou, Anastasia. 2005. The landscape of EVEN items. University of Chicago manuscript.Suche in Google Scholar
Herburger, Elena. 2000. What counts: Focus and quantification. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/7201.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Holmberg, Anders. 1999. Remarks on Holmberg’s generalization. Studia Linguistica 53. 1–39.10.1111/1467-9582.00038Suche in Google Scholar
Hornstein, Norbert & Juan Uriagereka. 2002. Reprojections. In Samuel Epstein & D. Seely (eds.), Derivation and explanation in the minimalist program, 106–132. Malden, MA: Blackwell.10.1002/9780470755662.ch6Suche in Google Scholar
Kayne, Richard. 1975. French syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Kayne, Richard. 1989. Facets of Romance past participle agreement. In Paola Benincà (ed.), Dialect variation on the theory of grammar, 85–104. Dordrecht: Foris.10.1515/9783110869255-005Suche in Google Scholar
Kayne, Richard. 1991. Romance clitics, verb movement, and PRO. Linguistic Inquiry 22. 647–686.Suche in Google Scholar
Lasnik, Howard. 1999. Minimalist analysis. Oxford: Blackwell.Suche in Google Scholar
Lasnik, Howard & Mamoru Saito. 1999. On the subject of infinitives. In Howard Lasnik (eds.), Minimalist analysis, 7–24. Oxford: Blackwell.Suche in Google Scholar
Leonetti, Manuel & Maria V. Escandell-Vidal. 2009. Fronting and verum focus in Spanish. In Andreas Dufter & Daniel Jacob (eds.), Focus and background in Romance languages, 155–204. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/slcs.112.07leoSuche in Google Scholar
López, Luis. 2009. A derivational syntax for information structure. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557400.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Luján, Marta. 1992. La subida de clíticos y el modo en los complementos verbales del español. In Olga Fernández-Soriano (ed.), Los pronombres átonos, 235–283. Madrid: Taurus.Suche in Google Scholar
Marantz, Alec. 2007. Phases and words. In Sook-Hee Choe (ed.), Phases in the theory of grammar, 191–222. Seoul: Dong In.Suche in Google Scholar
Mateu, Jaume & Gemma Rigau. 2010. Verb-particle constructions in Romance: A lexical-syntactic account. Probus 22. 241–269.10.1515/prbs.2010.009Suche in Google Scholar
Matushansky, Ora. 2011. Review of Roberts (2010). Journal of Linguistics 47. 538–545.10.1017/S0022226711000120Suche in Google Scholar
Napoli, Donna Jo. 1981. Semantic interpretation vs. lexical governance. Language 57. 841–887.10.2307/414244Suche in Google Scholar
Ordóñez, Francisco. 2002. Some clitic combinations in the syntax of Romance. In Joan Mascaró & Gemma Rigau (eds.), Catalan Journal of Linguistics 1. The Grammar of Clitics. 201–224.10.5565/rev/catjl.59Suche in Google Scholar
Ordóñez, Francisco. 2007. Cartography of postverbal subjects in Spanish and Catalan. In Sergio Baauw, Frank Drijkoningen & Manuela Pinto (eds.), Romance languages and linguistic theory 2005, 259–280. John Benjamins: Amsterdam.10.1075/cilt.291.17ordSuche in Google Scholar
Ordóñez, Francisco. 2012. Clitics in Spanish. In Lance Hawvermale, Antxon Olarrea & José I. Hualde (eds.), Handbook of Hispanic linguistics, 423–453. Cambridge: Blackwell.10.1002/9781118228098.ch21Suche in Google Scholar
Ott, Denis. 2011. A note on free relative clauses in the theory of phases. Linguistic Inquiry 42. 183–192.10.1162/LING_a_00036Suche in Google Scholar
Raposo, Eduardo. 2002. Nominal gaps with prepositional modifiers in Portuguese and Spanish: A case of quick spell-out. Cuadernos de Lingüística del Instituto Universitario Ortega y Gasset 9. 127–144.Suche in Google Scholar
Raposo, Eduardo & Juan Uriagereka. 1990. Long distance Case assignment. Linguistic Inquiry 21. 505–537.Suche in Google Scholar
Raposo, Eduardo & Juan Uriagereka. 2005. Clitic placement in Western Iberian: A minimalist view. In Guglielmo Cinque & Richard Kayne (eds.), The Oxford handbook of comparative syntax, 639–697. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Rezac, Milan. 2010. ϕ-Agree versus ϕ-Feature movement: Evidence from floating quantifiers. Linguistic Inquiry 41. 496–508.10.1162/LING_a_00007Suche in Google Scholar
Rigau, Gemma. 1994. Les propietats dels verbs pronominals. Els Marges 50. 29–40.Suche in Google Scholar
Rivero, María-Luisa. 1986. Parameters in the typology of clitics in Romance and Old Spanish. Language 62. 774–807.10.2307/415172Suche in Google Scholar
Rizzi, Luigi. 1976. Ristrutturazione. Rivista di Grammatica Generativa 1. 1–54.Suche in Google Scholar
Rizzi, Luigi. 1982. Issues in Italian syntax. Dordrecht: Foris.10.1515/9783110883718Suche in Google Scholar
Rizzi, Luigi. 1986. On the status of subject clitics in Romance. In Osvaldo Jaeggli & Carmen Silva Corvalan (eds.), Studies in Romance linguistics, 391–419. Dordrecht: Foris.10.1515/9783110878516-025Suche in Google Scholar
Rizzi, Luigi. 1990. Relativized minimality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Rizzi, Luigi. 1991. On the status of referential indices. In Asa Kasher (ed.), The chomskyan turn, 273–299. Oxford: Blackwell.Suche in Google Scholar
Rizzi, Luigi. 1997. The fine structure of the left periphery. In Liliane Haegeman (ed.), Elements of grammar, 281–337. Dordrecht: Kluwer.10.1007/978-94-011-5420-8_7Suche in Google Scholar
Roberts, Ian. 1997. Restructuring, head movement, and locality. Linguistic Inquiry 28. 423–460.Suche in Google Scholar
Roberts, Ian. 2010. Agreement and head movement: Clitics, incorporation and defective goals, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/9780262014304.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Ross, John R. 1969. Auxiliaries as main verbs. In William Todd (ed.), Studies in philosophical linguistics, 77–102. Evanston (Ill.): Great Expectations Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Solà, Jaume. 2002. Clitic climbing and null subject languages. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 1. 225–255.10.5565/rev/catjl.60Suche in Google Scholar
Sportiche, Dominique. 1998. Partitions and atoms of clause structure. London: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar
Stowell, Tim. 2004. Tense and modals. In Jaqueline Guéron & Jaqueline Lecarme (eds.), The syntax of time, 621–636. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/6598.003.0025Suche in Google Scholar
Suñer, Margarita. 1988. The role of agreement in clitic-doubled constructions. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6. 391–434.10.1007/BF00133904Suche in Google Scholar
Torrego, Esther. 2002. Arguments for a derivational approach to syntactic relations based on clitics. In Samuel D. Epstein & T.D. Seely (eds.), Derivation and explanation in the minimalist program, 249–268. Malden, MA: Blackwell.10.1002/9780470755662.ch11Suche in Google Scholar
Tortora, Christina. 2002. Romance enclisis, prepositions, and aspect. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 20. 725–758.10.1023/A:1020455332427Suche in Google Scholar
Treviño, Esthela. 1993. El caso como rasgo de minimidad en el comportamiento de los clíticos. In Olga Fernández Soriano (eds.), Los pronombres átonos, 284–308. Madrid: Taurus.Suche in Google Scholar
Uriagereka, Juan. 1988. On government. Storr, CT: University of Connecticut dissertation.Suche in Google Scholar
Uriagereka, Juan. 1995. Aspects of the syntax of clitic placement in Western Romance. Linguistic Inquiry 26. 79–123.Suche in Google Scholar
Uriagereka, Juan. 1996. Determiner clitic placement. In Robert Freidin (ed.), Current issues in comparative grammar, 257–295. Dordrecht: Kluwer.10.1007/978-94-009-0135-3_13Suche in Google Scholar
Uriagereka, Juan. 2002. Evidential contexts. University of Maryland manuscript.Suche in Google Scholar
Uriagereka, Juan. 2010. Argument taking strategies: Sub-merge. University of Maryland manuscript.Suche in Google Scholar
Wurmbrand, Susanne. 2001. Infinitives: Restructuring and clause structure. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Suche in Google Scholar
Wurmbrand, Susanne. 2004. Two types of restructuring – Lexican vs. functional. Lingua 114. 991–1014.10.1016/S0024-3841(03)00102-5Suche in Google Scholar
Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa. 1999. The cl(itic) projection in questions. Catalan Working Papers in Linguistics 7. 253–277.Suche in Google Scholar
©2016 by De Gruyter Mouton
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- A note from the Editor’s desk
- A polysemy account of alternating verbs of creation in Brazilian Portuguese
- Pronominal verbs in Spanish
- A phase-theoretic approach to cliticization in Romance
- The loss of the Old Spanish –udo participle as seen in the Alfonso X corpus
- A variationist account of voice onset time (VOT) among bilingual West Indians in Panama
- Subject-verb order variation with unaccusative verbs of change of location in Mexico and Southern Arizona
- Sobre las concordancias alternantes en español
- The influence of linguistic and social variables in the spirantization of intervocalic /b,d,g/ in Concepción, Chile
- Book Review
- Tiffany Judy and Silvia Perpiñán: The acquisition of Spanish in understudied language pairings
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- A note from the Editor’s desk
- A polysemy account of alternating verbs of creation in Brazilian Portuguese
- Pronominal verbs in Spanish
- A phase-theoretic approach to cliticization in Romance
- The loss of the Old Spanish –udo participle as seen in the Alfonso X corpus
- A variationist account of voice onset time (VOT) among bilingual West Indians in Panama
- Subject-verb order variation with unaccusative verbs of change of location in Mexico and Southern Arizona
- Sobre las concordancias alternantes en español
- The influence of linguistic and social variables in the spirantization of intervocalic /b,d,g/ in Concepción, Chile
- Book Review
- Tiffany Judy and Silvia Perpiñán: The acquisition of Spanish in understudied language pairings