Functional outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage – a review of the potential role of antiapoptotic agents
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Abubakar Tijjani Salihu
Abstract
Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common form of stroke and is associated with greater mortality and morbidity compared with ischaemic stroke. The current ICH management strategies, which mainly target primary injury mechanisms, have not been shown to improve patient’s functional outcome. Consequently, multimodality treatment approaches that will focus on both primary and secondary pathophysiology have been suggested. During the last decade, a proliferation of experimental studies has demonstrated the role of apoptosis in secondary neuronal loss at the periphery of the clot after ICH. Subsequently, the value of certain antiapoptotic agents in reducing neuronal death and improving functional outcome following ICH was evaluated in animal models. Preliminary evidence from those studies strongly supports the potential role of antiapoptotic agents in reducing neuronal death and improving functional outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage. Expectedly, the ongoing and subsequent clinical trials will substantiate these findings and provide clear information on the most potent and safe antiapoptotic agents, their appropriate dosage, and temporal window of action, thereby making them suitable for the multimodality treatment approach.
Acknowledgments
We thank Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation Malaysia (MOSTI). This review has been supported by Project number: 06-05-13-SF0016, from science fund 2014.
Conflicts of interest statement: The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest.
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©2016 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- The difference between electrical microstimulation and direct electrical stimulation – towards new opportunities for innovative functional brain mapping?
- Co-transplantation of autologous OM-MSCs and OM-OECs: a novel approach for spinal cord injury
- Molecular mechanisms of estrogen for neuroprotection in spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury
- The role of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases in the excitotoxicity induced by the overactivation of NMDA receptors
- Phosphene perception is due to the ultra-weak photon emission produced in various parts of the visual system: glutamate in the focus
- Angiotensin II-triggered kinase signaling cascade in the central nervous system
- Functional outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage – a review of the potential role of antiapoptotic agents
- Epileptogenesis following experimentally induced traumatic brain injury – a systematic review
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- The difference between electrical microstimulation and direct electrical stimulation – towards new opportunities for innovative functional brain mapping?
- Co-transplantation of autologous OM-MSCs and OM-OECs: a novel approach for spinal cord injury
- Molecular mechanisms of estrogen for neuroprotection in spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury
- The role of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases in the excitotoxicity induced by the overactivation of NMDA receptors
- Phosphene perception is due to the ultra-weak photon emission produced in various parts of the visual system: glutamate in the focus
- Angiotensin II-triggered kinase signaling cascade in the central nervous system
- Functional outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage – a review of the potential role of antiapoptotic agents
- Epileptogenesis following experimentally induced traumatic brain injury – a systematic review