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The concentration of Lithium in water resources: A systematic review, meta-analysis and health risk assessment

  • Trias Mahmudiono , Yadolah Fakhri EMAIL logo , Hasti Daraei , Fereshteh Mehri , Mahtab Einolghozati , Sara Mohamadi EMAIL logo and Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Published/Copyright: June 1, 2023
Reviews on Environmental Health
From the journal Reviews on Environmental Health Volume 39 Issue 4

Abstract

The presence of trace elements such as lithium (Li) in water resources in the long term can endanger consumers’ health. Several studies have been conducted on Li concentration in water sources; hence, this study attempted to retrieve studies using a systematic search. The search was conducted in Web of Sciences, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases from 1 January 2010 to 15 January 2023. Li concentration was meta-analyzed based on the type of water resources and countries subgroups in the random effects model (REM) statistical analysis. In addition, health risk assessment in different age groups was calculated using the target hazard quotient (THQ). This study included 76 papers with 157 data reports in our meta-analysis. The overall pooled concentration of Li was 5.374 (95 % CI: 5.261–5.487 μg/L). The pooled concentration of Li in groundwater (40.407 μg/L) was 14.53 times surface water (2.785 μg/L). The highest water Li content was attributed to Mexico (2,209.05 μg/L), Bolivia (1,444.05 μg/L), Iraq (1,350 μg/L), and Argentina (516.39 μg/L). At the same time, the lowest water Li content was associated with Morocco (1.20 μg/L), Spain (0.46 μg/L), and India (0.13 μg/L). THQ due to Li in water resources in consumers of Iraq, Mexico, South Africa, Afghanistan, Bolivia, Portugal, Malawi, South Korea, Nepal, South Korea, Argentina, and the USA was higher than 1 value. Therefore, continuous monitoring of Li concentration in water sources and reducing Li concentration, especially in groundwater water, using new water treatment processes in these countries are recommended.

Keywords: health risk assessment; lithium; meta-analysis; water resources
Corresponding authors: Yadolah Fakhri, Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran, E-mail: ; and Sara Mohamadi, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahre-Kord University, Shahre-Kord, Iran, E-mail:

  1. Research funding: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  5. Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

  6. Declaration of competing interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2023-0025).

Received: 2023-03-16
Accepted: 2023-05-08
Published Online: 2023-06-01
Published in Print: 2024-12-17

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  4. Screen time and childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis
  5. The association between polycystic ovary syndrome and environmental pollutants based on animal and human study; a systematic review
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  7. The concentration of Lithium in water resources: A systematic review, meta-analysis and health risk assessment
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  11. Diagnosing and managing heat exhaustion: insights from a systematic review of cases in the desert climate of Mecca
  12. Para-occupational exposure to chemical substances: a systematic review
  13. Association of the ACE2-Angiotensin1-7–Mas axis with lung damage caused by cigarette smoke exposure: a systematic review
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https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2023-0025
Keywords for this article
health risk assessment; lithium; meta-analysis; water resources

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. A systematic review on the association between exposure to air particulate matter during pregnancy and the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus
  4. Screen time and childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis
  5. The association between polycystic ovary syndrome and environmental pollutants based on animal and human study; a systematic review
  6. Residues of carcinogenic pesticides in food: a systematic review
  7. The concentration of Lithium in water resources: A systematic review, meta-analysis and health risk assessment
  8. Polychlorinated biphenyls and thyroid function: a scoping review
  9. The European Union assessments of radiofrequency radiation health risks – another hard nut to crack (Review)
  10. Research progresses on the effects of heavy metals on the circadian clock system
  11. Diagnosing and managing heat exhaustion: insights from a systematic review of cases in the desert climate of Mecca
  12. Para-occupational exposure to chemical substances: a systematic review
  13. Association of the ACE2-Angiotensin1-7–Mas axis with lung damage caused by cigarette smoke exposure: a systematic review
  14. Impacts and mechanisms of PM2.5 on bone
  15. Impacts and potential mechanisms of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on male testosterone biosynthesis disruption
  16. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of stroke in adults: a meta-analysis
  17. Prevalence and concentration of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in cheese: a global systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic risk assessment
  18. The effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers on cardiovascular diseases
  19. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields on insects: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  20. Letter to the Editor
  21. Monkeypox and drug repurposing: seven potential antivirals to combat the viral disease
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