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The effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers on cardiovascular diseases

  • Nie Qigang , Arghavan Afra , Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel , Abduladheem Turki Jalil , Mohammad Javad Mohammadi , M. Abdulfadhil Gatea , Efriza , Parisa Asban , Seyede Kosar mousavi , Parnia Kanani , Fatemeh Mombeni Kazemi , Maryam Hormati and Fatemeh Kiani EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: October 2, 2023
Reviews on Environmental Health
From the journal Reviews on Environmental Health Volume 39 Issue 4

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) are part of particulate matter (PM), which is produced from incomplete combustion of organic matter. Biomarkers mean biological indicators, molecules that indicate a normal or abnormal process in the body and may be a sign of a condition or disease. Studies show that PAHs increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases through processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis. The present study focused on the evaluation of health effects PAHs biomarkers on cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this narrative study, data were collected from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of science and Google Scholar in the period 1975–2023. After screening, duplicate and irrelevant articles were removed. Finally, 68 articles related to the effect of PAHs on CVD were included in the study. In addition to the articles found through the search in databases, another 18 articles from the references of the selected articles were included. According to the finding in during the biotransformation of PAH, a number of metabolites are made, such as phenols, diols, quinones, and epoxides. Phenolic isomers have the highest percentage and biomarkers used for their detection include 2-OHNAP used to trace naphthalene from heating processed food, 3-OHPHEN used to trace phenanthrene from diesel, 2-OHFLU used to trace fluorene and 1-OHPYR used to trace pyrene from cigarette and hookah smoke. According to the result, increasing blood pressure and heart rate and causing atherosclerosis are the main complications due to exposure to PAH metabolite on cardiovascular system. The most important agents that causes this affects including increased homocysteine, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serum biomarkers of C-reactive protein, and triglycerides. Result this study showed that cardiovascular diseases risk is increased by exposure to PAH biomarkers from smoking, car emissions, occupational exposure, and incinerators. Therefore, strict controls should be implemented for sources of PAH production and exposure.

Keywords: cardiovascular diseases (CVD); human health; biomarker; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs); oxidative stress
Corresponding authors: Mis. Fatemeh Kiani, Student of Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Phone: +989355439707, E-mail:
Mohammad Javad Mohammadi, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, and Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Email:
Corresponding authors: Mis. Fatemeh Kiani, Student of Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Phone: +989355439707, E-mail: nazaninfatykian@gmail.com; and Mohammad Javad Mohammadi, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, and Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences for providing necessary facilities to perform this research.

  1. Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Disclosure: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

  4. Consent to participate: ‘Not applicable’ for that specific section.

  5. Author contributions: NQ, AA, A-AR-C, AT-J, M-JM, MA-G, EF, PA, S-KM, PK, FM-K, MH and FK were principal investigators of the study and drafted the manuscript. NQ, AA, M-JM, and FK were advisors of the study. NQ, AA, A-AR-C, AT-J, M-JM, MA-G, EF, PA, S-KM, PK, FM-K, MH and FK performed the statistical analysis. All authors contributed to the design and data analysis and assisted in the preparation of the final version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

  6. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

  7. Research funding: This work wasn’t financially supported.

  8. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2023-05-28
Accepted: 2023-09-05
Published Online: 2023-10-02
Published in Print: 2024-12-17

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Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. A systematic review on the association between exposure to air particulate matter during pregnancy and the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus
  4. Screen time and childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis
  5. The association between polycystic ovary syndrome and environmental pollutants based on animal and human study; a systematic review
  6. Residues of carcinogenic pesticides in food: a systematic review
  7. The concentration of Lithium in water resources: A systematic review, meta-analysis and health risk assessment
  8. Polychlorinated biphenyls and thyroid function: a scoping review
  9. The European Union assessments of radiofrequency radiation health risks – another hard nut to crack (Review)
  10. Research progresses on the effects of heavy metals on the circadian clock system
  11. Diagnosing and managing heat exhaustion: insights from a systematic review of cases in the desert climate of Mecca
  12. Para-occupational exposure to chemical substances: a systematic review
  13. Association of the ACE2-Angiotensin1-7–Mas axis with lung damage caused by cigarette smoke exposure: a systematic review
  14. Impacts and mechanisms of PM2.5 on bone
  15. Impacts and potential mechanisms of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on male testosterone biosynthesis disruption
  16. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of stroke in adults: a meta-analysis
  17. Prevalence and concentration of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in cheese: a global systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic risk assessment
  18. The effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers on cardiovascular diseases
  19. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields on insects: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  20. Letter to the Editor
  21. Monkeypox and drug repurposing: seven potential antivirals to combat the viral disease
https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2023-0070
Keywords for this article
cardiovascular diseases (CVD); human health; biomarker; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs); oxidative stress

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. A systematic review on the association between exposure to air particulate matter during pregnancy and the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus
  4. Screen time and childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis
  5. The association between polycystic ovary syndrome and environmental pollutants based on animal and human study; a systematic review
  6. Residues of carcinogenic pesticides in food: a systematic review
  7. The concentration of Lithium in water resources: A systematic review, meta-analysis and health risk assessment
  8. Polychlorinated biphenyls and thyroid function: a scoping review
  9. The European Union assessments of radiofrequency radiation health risks – another hard nut to crack (Review)
  10. Research progresses on the effects of heavy metals on the circadian clock system
  11. Diagnosing and managing heat exhaustion: insights from a systematic review of cases in the desert climate of Mecca
  12. Para-occupational exposure to chemical substances: a systematic review
  13. Association of the ACE2-Angiotensin1-7–Mas axis with lung damage caused by cigarette smoke exposure: a systematic review
  14. Impacts and mechanisms of PM2.5 on bone
  15. Impacts and potential mechanisms of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on male testosterone biosynthesis disruption
  16. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of stroke in adults: a meta-analysis
  17. Prevalence and concentration of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in cheese: a global systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic risk assessment
  18. The effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers on cardiovascular diseases
  19. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields on insects: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  20. Letter to the Editor
  21. Monkeypox and drug repurposing: seven potential antivirals to combat the viral disease
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