Assessment of medical waste generation rate in Viet Nam
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Thai Ha Le
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Phuong Hien Do
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate medical wastes generation rates in Viet Nam. Within 3 years (from 2017 to 2019), total medical wastes generated daily of 1,737 health-care facilities at different levels from 19/63 provinces in Viet Nam were surveyed. The calculation was based on the median daily generation (in kg) of 6 medical waste groups and total actual patient beds in 9 health-care facility categories. Six medical waste groups were sharps, non-sharps, high-risk infectious, pathological, non-infectious hazardous, recyclable and non-recyclable wastes. Surveyed health-care facilities were categorized in central general hospitals, central specialist hospitals, provincial general hospitals, provincial specialist hospitals, district health centers, regional clinics, commune health stations, private hospitals and private clinics. The results showed that waste generation rates varied from 0.0009 to 1.619 kg/bed/day depends on type of medical wastes or health-care facilities.
For no-patient-bed facilities (commune health stations and private clinics), medical waste generation rates of these two were calculated in kg/day and varied from 0.1 to 1.75 kg/day.
Acknowledgments
This study was completed thanks to the support of many people. Sincere gratitude goes to Ministry of Health and Vietnam Healh Environment Management Agency for permission to implement this study. Gratefulness also goes to Provincial Department of Health, Director Boards of studied health-care facilities for their active collaboration during data collection. Special thanks to responsible persons in health-care facilities for providing valuable information and assisting collecting data.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
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Informed consent: Informed consent is not applicable.
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Ethical approval: The conduct research is not related to either human or animal use.
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- E-waste in Vietnam: a narrative review of environmental contaminants and potential health risks
- Knowledge mapping and research trends of the social determinants of health (SDoH): a scientometric analysis
- Hospital wastewater treatment methods and its impact on human health and environments
- Associated health risk assessment due to exposure to BTEX compounds in fuel station workers
- Associations between fine particulate matter and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Health effects of air pollutant mixtures (volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, sulfur and nitrogen oxides) – a review of the literature
- Status and frontier analysis of indoor PM2.5-related health effects: a bibliometric analysis
- Relationship between parental exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and primarily hematopoietic neoplasms (lymphoma, leukemia) and tumors in the central nervous system in children: a systematic review
- Blood and hair copper levels in childhood autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis based on case-control studies
- Cellular and molecular effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields
- Benzo (a) pyrene in infant foods: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment
- Relationship between exposure to heavy metals on the increased health risk and carcinogenicity of urinary tract (kidney and bladder)
- The nexus between economic growth, health expenditure, environmental quality: a comparative study for E7 countries
- Potentially toxic elements in the environment – a review of sources, sinks, pathways and mitigation measures
- Assessment of medical waste generation rate in Viet Nam
- A scoping review of waterborne and water-related disease in the Florida environment from 1999 to 2022
- Effects of man-made electromagnetic fields on heart rate variability parameters of general public: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies
- Letter to the Editor
- Environmental perspectives of monkeypox virus: correspondence
