Benzo (a) pyrene in infant foods: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment
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Parisa Sadighara
Abstract
Exposure of infants to chemicals during their development will have major effects on their health. One of the major exposures of infants to chemicals is through their food. The main structure of infant food is milk, which is high in fat. There is a possibility of accumulation of environmental pollution, including benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). In this systematic review, the amount of BaP in infant milk was surveyed for this purpose. The chosen keywords were: benzo (a) pyrene, BaP, Infant formula, dried milk, powdered milk, and baby food. A total of 46 manuscripts were found in the scientific database. After initial screening and quality assessment, 12 articles were selected for extraction of data. By meta-analysis, the total estimate of BaP in baby food was calculated to be 0.078 ± 0.006 μg/kg. Estimation of daily intake (EDI) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) for noncarcinogenic risk and Margin of exposure (MOE) for carcinogenic risk were also calculated for three age groups 0–6 months, 6–12 months, and 1–3 years. HQ was lower than 1 and MOE was more than 10,000 for three age groups. Therefore, there is no potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for infant health.
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Research funding: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: The authors of this article declare that they have no conflict of interests.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Ethical approval: Not applicable.
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© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- E-waste in Vietnam: a narrative review of environmental contaminants and potential health risks
- Knowledge mapping and research trends of the social determinants of health (SDoH): a scientometric analysis
- Hospital wastewater treatment methods and its impact on human health and environments
- Associated health risk assessment due to exposure to BTEX compounds in fuel station workers
- Associations between fine particulate matter and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Health effects of air pollutant mixtures (volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, sulfur and nitrogen oxides) – a review of the literature
- Status and frontier analysis of indoor PM2.5-related health effects: a bibliometric analysis
- Relationship between parental exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and primarily hematopoietic neoplasms (lymphoma, leukemia) and tumors in the central nervous system in children: a systematic review
- Blood and hair copper levels in childhood autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis based on case-control studies
- Cellular and molecular effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields
- Benzo (a) pyrene in infant foods: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment
- Relationship between exposure to heavy metals on the increased health risk and carcinogenicity of urinary tract (kidney and bladder)
- The nexus between economic growth, health expenditure, environmental quality: a comparative study for E7 countries
- Potentially toxic elements in the environment – a review of sources, sinks, pathways and mitigation measures
- Assessment of medical waste generation rate in Viet Nam
- A scoping review of waterborne and water-related disease in the Florida environment from 1999 to 2022
- Effects of man-made electromagnetic fields on heart rate variability parameters of general public: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies
- Letter to the Editor
- Environmental perspectives of monkeypox virus: correspondence
