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Relationship between exposure to heavy metals on the increased health risk and carcinogenicity of urinary tract (kidney and bladder)

  • Eman M. Khalaf , Masoume Taherian , Sami G. Almalki , Parisa Asban , A. K. Kareem , Firas Rahi Alhachami , Abbas F. Almulla , Rosario Mireya Romero-Parra , Zanko Hassan Jawhar , Fatemeh Kiani , Iman Noroozi Manesh EMAIL logo and Mohammad Javad Mohammadi EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: April 19, 2023
Reviews on Environmental Health
From the journal Reviews on Environmental Health Volume 39 Issue 3

Abstract

In today’s society, with the continuous development of manufacturing industries and factories related to chemicals, the amount of heavy metals in the inhaled air of humans, water and even food consumption has increased dramatically. The aim of this study was investigation of relationship between exposure to heavy metals on the increased carcinogenicity risk of kidney and bladder. Databases used to for searched were the Springer, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct (Scopus) and PubMed. At the end after sieve we selected 20 papers. Identify all relevant studies published 2000–2021. The results of this study showed that exposure to heavy metals due to the bio accumulative properties of these metals can cause kidney and bladder abnormalities and provide the basis through various mechanisms for malignant tumors in these organs. Based on result this study, since a limited number of heavy metals including copper, iron, zinc and nickel in very small amounts as micronutrients play a very important role in the function of enzymes and the body cells biological reactions, but exposure to some of them like arsenic, lead, vanadium and mercury will cause irreversible effects on people’s health and cause various diseases including cancers of the liver, pancreas, prostate, breast, kidney and bladder. The kidneys, ureter and bladder are the most important organs in the urinary tract on human. According to the result of this study, the duty of this urinary system is to remove toxins, chemicals and heavy metals from the blood, balance electrolytes, excrete excess fluid, produce urine and transfer it to the bladder. This mechanism causes the kidneys and bladder to be highly associated with these toxins and heavy metals, which can lead to various diseases in these two important organs. According to the finding the reducing exposure to heavy metals in various ways can prevent many diseases related to this system and reduce the incidence of kidney and bladder cancers.

Keywords: air pollutants; bladder; heavy metals; kidney; risk assessment
Corresponding authors: Mohammad Javad Mohammadi, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; and Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, E-mail: ; and Iman Noroozi Manesh, Student of Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Phone: +989355439707, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences for providing necessary facilities to perform this research.

  1. Research funding: This work wasn’t financially supported.

  2. Author contributions: EM-K, MT, SS, SG-A, PA, A-KK, FR-A, AF-A, R-MR-P, ZH-J, FK, EN-M and M-JM were principal investigators of the study and drafted the manuscript. EM-K, MT, SS, SG-A, PA and M-JM were advisors of the study. EM-K, MT, SS, SG-A, PA, A-KK, FR-A, AF-A, R-MR-P, ZH-J, FK, EN-M and M-JM performed the statistical analysis. All authors contributed to the design and data analysis and assisted in the preparation of the final version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

  3. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

  4. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  5. Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

  6. Disclosure statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

  7. Consent to participate: ‘Not applicable’ for that specific section.

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Received: 2022-12-09
Accepted: 2023-03-29
Published Online: 2023-04-19
Published in Print: 2024-09-25

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2022-0245
Keywords for this article
air pollutants; bladder; heavy metals; kidney; risk assessment

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. E-waste in Vietnam: a narrative review of environmental contaminants and potential health risks
  4. Knowledge mapping and research trends of the social determinants of health (SDoH): a scientometric analysis
  5. Hospital wastewater treatment methods and its impact on human health and environments
  6. Associated health risk assessment due to exposure to BTEX compounds in fuel station workers
  7. Associations between fine particulate matter and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  8. Health effects of air pollutant mixtures (volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, sulfur and nitrogen oxides) – a review of the literature
  9. Status and frontier analysis of indoor PM2.5-related health effects: a bibliometric analysis
  10. Relationship between parental exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and primarily hematopoietic neoplasms (lymphoma, leukemia) and tumors in the central nervous system in children: a systematic review
  11. Blood and hair copper levels in childhood autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis based on case-control studies
  12. Cellular and molecular effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields
  13. Benzo (a) pyrene in infant foods: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment
  14. Relationship between exposure to heavy metals on the increased health risk and carcinogenicity of urinary tract (kidney and bladder)
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