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Safety assessment of natural products in Malaysia: current practices, challenges, and new strategies

  • Nur Azra M. Pauzi EMAIL logo , Manraj S. Cheema , Amin Ismail , Ahmad Rohi Ghazali and Rozaini Abdullah ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: September 27, 2021
Reviews on Environmental Health
From the journal Reviews on Environmental Health Volume 37 Issue 2

Abstract

The belief that natural products are inherently safe is a primary reason for consumers to choose traditional medicines and herbal supplements for health maintenance and disease prevention. Unfortunately, some natural products on the market have been found to contain toxic compounds, such as heavy metals and microbes, as well as banned ingredients such as aristolochic acids. It shows that the existing regulatory system is inadequate and highlights the importance of thorough safety evaluations. In Malaysia, the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency is responsible for the regulatory control of medicinal products and cosmetics, including natural products. For registration purpose, the safety of natural products is primarily determined through the review of documents, including monographs, research articles and scientific reports. One of the main factors hampering safety evaluations of natural products is the lack of toxicological data from animal studies. However, international regulatory agencies such as the European Food Safety Authority and the United States Food and Drug Administration are beginning to accept data obtained using alternative strategies such as non-animal predictive toxicological tools. Our paper discusses the use of state-of-the-art techniques, including chemometrics, in silico modelling and omics technologies and their applications to the safety assessments of natural products.

Keywords: chemometrics; herbal medicines; in silico; omics; predictive toxicology; safety assessments
Corresponding author: Nur Azra M. Pauzi, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; and Ministry of Health, Kompleks E, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Fax: + 603 9769 2585, E-mail:

Funding source: Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia

Award Identifier / Grant number: FRGS/1/2018/SKK06/UPM/02/10)

Funding source: Ministry of Health of Malaysia

Award Identifier / Grant number: KKM.500-7/33/2019/830807105608(5)

  1. Research funding: This research was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Project number: FRGS/1/2018/SKK06/UPM/02/10), and Ministry of Health of Malaysia (Ref num: KKM.500-7/33/2019/830807105608(5)).

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  5. Ethical approval: Not applicable.

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Supplementary Material

The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0072).

Received: 2021-05-24
Accepted: 2021-09-06
Published Online: 2021-09-27
Published in Print: 2022-06-27

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Mini Reviews
  3. Unani medicinal herbs as potential air disinfectants: an evidence-based review
  4. Safety assessment of natural products in Malaysia: current practices, challenges, and new strategies
  5. Environmental and occupational health on the Navajo Nation: a scoping review
  6. Review Articles
  7. Understanding Holism in the light of principle underlying practice of Unani Medicine
  8. Investigating the field effectiveness of respirators against metal particle exposure in various workplaces: a systematic review
  9. To which extent are per-and poly-fluorinated substances associated to metabolic syndrome?
  10. Reactive nitrogen compounds and their influence on human health: an overview
  11. Millimeter (MM) wave and microwave frequency radiation produce deeply penetrating effects: the biology and the physics
  12. Air pollution increases the risk of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis
  13. Housing and health in vulnerable social groups: an overview and bibliometric analysis
  14. Environmental arsenic exposure and its toxicological effect on thyroid function: a systematic review
  15. Letters to the Editor
  16. Comments on Martin Pall, “Millimeter (MM) wave and microwave frequency radiation produce deeply penetrating effects: the biology and the physics”, Rev Environ Health 2021;37:247–58.
  17. Comments on Pall’s “Millimeter (MM) wave and microwave frequency radiation produce deeply penetrating effects: the biology and the physics”
  18. ‘Proof of EHS beyond all reasonable doubt’. Comment on: Leszczynski D. Review of the scientific evidence on the individual sensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EHS). Rev Environ Health 2021; https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0038. Online ahead of print
  19. Why scientifically unfounded and misleading claim should be dismissed to make true research progress in the acknowledgment of electrohypersensibility as a new worldwide emerging pathology
  20. Comments on the article by Dariusz Leszczynski: Review of the scientific evidence on the individual sensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EHS). Rev Environ Health 2021
https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0072
Keywords for this article
chemometrics; herbal medicines; in silico; omics; predictive toxicology; safety assessments

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Mini Reviews
  3. Unani medicinal herbs as potential air disinfectants: an evidence-based review
  4. Safety assessment of natural products in Malaysia: current practices, challenges, and new strategies
  5. Environmental and occupational health on the Navajo Nation: a scoping review
  6. Review Articles
  7. Understanding Holism in the light of principle underlying practice of Unani Medicine
  8. Investigating the field effectiveness of respirators against metal particle exposure in various workplaces: a systematic review
  9. To which extent are per-and poly-fluorinated substances associated to metabolic syndrome?
  10. Reactive nitrogen compounds and their influence on human health: an overview
  11. Millimeter (MM) wave and microwave frequency radiation produce deeply penetrating effects: the biology and the physics
  12. Air pollution increases the risk of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis
  13. Housing and health in vulnerable social groups: an overview and bibliometric analysis
  14. Environmental arsenic exposure and its toxicological effect on thyroid function: a systematic review
  15. Letters to the Editor
  16. Comments on Martin Pall, “Millimeter (MM) wave and microwave frequency radiation produce deeply penetrating effects: the biology and the physics”, Rev Environ Health 2021;37:247–58.
  17. Comments on Pall’s “Millimeter (MM) wave and microwave frequency radiation produce deeply penetrating effects: the biology and the physics”
  18. ‘Proof of EHS beyond all reasonable doubt’. Comment on: Leszczynski D. Review of the scientific evidence on the individual sensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EHS). Rev Environ Health 2021; https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0038. Online ahead of print
  19. Why scientifically unfounded and misleading claim should be dismissed to make true research progress in the acknowledgment of electrohypersensibility as a new worldwide emerging pathology
  20. Comments on the article by Dariusz Leszczynski: Review of the scientific evidence on the individual sensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EHS). Rev Environ Health 2021
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