How serious are health impacts in one of the most polluted regions of Central Europe?
-
Vítězslav Jiřík
,
Andrea Dalecká
Abstract
Background:
The long-term exposure to pollutants in ambient air is associated with higher mortality and occurrence of respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases. The longitudinal cross-section study focuses on the associations between long-term exposures to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic pollutants and the prevalence and incidence of such specific diseases including immunodeficiencies.
Methods:
The data on health status from industrial and non-industrial regions were obtained from health documentation for a 5-year period from 2007 to 2011 and represent the whole population living in polluted (1,249,323 inhabitants) and unpolluted (631,387 inhabitants) regions. The data on concentrations of PM10, PM2,5, NO2, SO2, benzene and benzo[a]pyrene were collected. The concentrations of pollutants were estimated from measured data by using dispersion models. The average population-weighted concentration of pollutants, which is representative for a defined geographic area and time period from 2007 to 2011, was calculated from the obtained data. The logistic regression and the Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test were used to determine the odds ratios (OR) and p-values for a linear trend. Moreover, the relative risks of mortality and morbidity to specific diseases were calculated according to theoretical dose-response association published by World Health Organization (WHO).
Results:
The probability of incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma is statistically significantly higher in the population living in the polluted region compared to the population living in the unpolluted region. The association between long-term exposure to pollutants and the prevalence of immunodeficiency with predominantly antibody defects (D80) was confirmed. The strongest association was found for exposures to particulate matter (PM2,5). The prevalence of immunodeficiency with predominantly antibody defects was also observed in both regions depending on the age of the population and statistically significant difference was only found in the group of adults (20 and over).
Conclusion:
These associations encourage the hypothesis, that the long-term exposure to PM2.5 might cause the activation of cellular immune response. Further research is needed to explore the correlative immunoregulatory mechanism linking PM2.5 (or other pollutants – SO2) and immune cells. Nowadays, it is also believed that these associations are important in the increase of incidence of immune inflammatory response which is proven risk factor for cardiovascular disease (atherosclerotic disease, coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death). Positive association between long-term exposure and prevalence of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease might be skewed due to important socio-economic factors (especially smoking).
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©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Environmental challenges in Central and Eastern Europe
- Mini Reviews
- The CEECHE: a practical approach for reducing exposures and disease outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe
- Perinatal health in the Danube region – new birth cohort justified
- Building multi-country collaboration on watershed management: lessons on linking environment and public health from the Western Balkans
- An open-sourced statistical application for identifying complex toxicological interactions of environmental pollutants
- Air exchange rates and alternative vapor entry pathways to inform vapor intrusion exposure risk assessments
- Review Articles
- Sustainable exposure prevention through innovative detection and remediation technologies from the NIEHS Superfund Research Program
- Future of environmental research in the age of epigenomics and exposomics
- Linking childhood allergic asthma phenotypes with endotype through integrated systems biology: current evidence and research needs
- Impact of nutrition on pollutant toxicity: an update with new insights into epigenetic regulation
- Environmental PAH exposure and male idiopathic infertility: a review on early life exposures and adult diagnosis
- The association of peripubertal serum concentrations of organochlorine chemicals and blood lead with growth and pubertal development in a longitudinal cohort of boys: a review of published results from the Russian Children’s Study
- Epigenomic reprogramming in inorganic arsenic-mediated gene expression patterns during carcinogenesis
- Emerging roles of xenobiotic detoxification enzymes in metabolic diseases
- Recent advances on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles as sorbents of organic pollutants in water and wastewater treatment
- Review of heavy metal accumulation on aquatic environment in Northern East Mediterrenean Sea part I: some essential metals
- Original Articles
- Sensemaking, stakeholder discord, and long-term risk communication at a US Superfund site
- Valuing environmental health for informed policy-making
- How serious are health impacts in one of the most polluted regions of Central Europe?
- The results of interconnection of the evidence of professional exposure to genotoxic factors (regex) and cancer registry in the Czech Republic
- The impact of selected environmental, behavioral and psychosocial factors on schoolchildren’s somatic and mental health
- Markers of lipid oxidative damage among office workers exposed intermittently to air pollutants including nanoTiO2 particles
- Determinants of ETS exposure in a sample of Slovak pregnant women
- Respiratory toxicity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles: experimental study
- Exposure of children to phthalates and the impact of consumer practices in Slovakia
- Metal contamination in environmental media in residential areas around Romanian mining sites
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Environmental challenges in Central and Eastern Europe
- Mini Reviews
- The CEECHE: a practical approach for reducing exposures and disease outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe
- Perinatal health in the Danube region – new birth cohort justified
- Building multi-country collaboration on watershed management: lessons on linking environment and public health from the Western Balkans
- An open-sourced statistical application for identifying complex toxicological interactions of environmental pollutants
- Air exchange rates and alternative vapor entry pathways to inform vapor intrusion exposure risk assessments
- Review Articles
- Sustainable exposure prevention through innovative detection and remediation technologies from the NIEHS Superfund Research Program
- Future of environmental research in the age of epigenomics and exposomics
- Linking childhood allergic asthma phenotypes with endotype through integrated systems biology: current evidence and research needs
- Impact of nutrition on pollutant toxicity: an update with new insights into epigenetic regulation
- Environmental PAH exposure and male idiopathic infertility: a review on early life exposures and adult diagnosis
- The association of peripubertal serum concentrations of organochlorine chemicals and blood lead with growth and pubertal development in a longitudinal cohort of boys: a review of published results from the Russian Children’s Study
- Epigenomic reprogramming in inorganic arsenic-mediated gene expression patterns during carcinogenesis
- Emerging roles of xenobiotic detoxification enzymes in metabolic diseases
- Recent advances on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles as sorbents of organic pollutants in water and wastewater treatment
- Review of heavy metal accumulation on aquatic environment in Northern East Mediterrenean Sea part I: some essential metals
- Original Articles
- Sensemaking, stakeholder discord, and long-term risk communication at a US Superfund site
- Valuing environmental health for informed policy-making
- How serious are health impacts in one of the most polluted regions of Central Europe?
- The results of interconnection of the evidence of professional exposure to genotoxic factors (regex) and cancer registry in the Czech Republic
- The impact of selected environmental, behavioral and psychosocial factors on schoolchildren’s somatic and mental health
- Markers of lipid oxidative damage among office workers exposed intermittently to air pollutants including nanoTiO2 particles
- Determinants of ETS exposure in a sample of Slovak pregnant women
- Respiratory toxicity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles: experimental study
- Exposure of children to phthalates and the impact of consumer practices in Slovakia
- Metal contamination in environmental media in residential areas around Romanian mining sites
