An open-sourced statistical application for identifying complex toxicological interactions of environmental pollutants
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Jordan T. Perkins
Abstract
The rising number of chemicals that humans are exposed to on a daily basis, as well as advances in biomonitoring and detection technologies have highlighted the diversity of individual exposure profiles (complex body burdens). To address this, the toxicological sciences have begun to shift away from examining toxic agents or stressors individually to focusing on more complex models with multiple agents or stressors present. Literature on interactions between chemicals is fairly limited in comparison with dose-response studies on individual toxicants, which is largely due to experimental and statistical challenges. Experimental designs capable of identifying these complex interactions are often avoided or not evaluated to their fullest potential because of the difficulty associated with appropriate analysis as well as logistical factors. To assist with statistical analysis of these types of experiments, an online, open-sourced statistical application was created for investigators to use to analyze and interpret potential toxicant interactions in laboratory experimental data using a full-factorial three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). This model utilizes backward selection on interaction terms to model main effects and interactions.
Research funding: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number P42ES007380, and by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch project KY007069 under 0220363. Conflict of interest: The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
Competing financial interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Environmental challenges in Central and Eastern Europe
- Mini Reviews
- The CEECHE: a practical approach for reducing exposures and disease outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe
- Perinatal health in the Danube region – new birth cohort justified
- Building multi-country collaboration on watershed management: lessons on linking environment and public health from the Western Balkans
- An open-sourced statistical application for identifying complex toxicological interactions of environmental pollutants
- Air exchange rates and alternative vapor entry pathways to inform vapor intrusion exposure risk assessments
- Review Articles
- Sustainable exposure prevention through innovative detection and remediation technologies from the NIEHS Superfund Research Program
- Future of environmental research in the age of epigenomics and exposomics
- Linking childhood allergic asthma phenotypes with endotype through integrated systems biology: current evidence and research needs
- Impact of nutrition on pollutant toxicity: an update with new insights into epigenetic regulation
- Environmental PAH exposure and male idiopathic infertility: a review on early life exposures and adult diagnosis
- The association of peripubertal serum concentrations of organochlorine chemicals and blood lead with growth and pubertal development in a longitudinal cohort of boys: a review of published results from the Russian Children’s Study
- Epigenomic reprogramming in inorganic arsenic-mediated gene expression patterns during carcinogenesis
- Emerging roles of xenobiotic detoxification enzymes in metabolic diseases
- Recent advances on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles as sorbents of organic pollutants in water and wastewater treatment
- Review of heavy metal accumulation on aquatic environment in Northern East Mediterrenean Sea part I: some essential metals
- Original Articles
- Sensemaking, stakeholder discord, and long-term risk communication at a US Superfund site
- Valuing environmental health for informed policy-making
- How serious are health impacts in one of the most polluted regions of Central Europe?
- The results of interconnection of the evidence of professional exposure to genotoxic factors (regex) and cancer registry in the Czech Republic
- The impact of selected environmental, behavioral and psychosocial factors on schoolchildren’s somatic and mental health
- Markers of lipid oxidative damage among office workers exposed intermittently to air pollutants including nanoTiO2 particles
- Determinants of ETS exposure in a sample of Slovak pregnant women
- Respiratory toxicity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles: experimental study
- Exposure of children to phthalates and the impact of consumer practices in Slovakia
- Metal contamination in environmental media in residential areas around Romanian mining sites
