Abstract
As the most outstanding type of organic fiber in terms of the comprehensive performance, polyimide fiber is more conducive to reduce the composites weight than inorganic fibers, such as carbon fiber or glass fiber. A polyimide-fabric-reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composite was prepared by a hot-press molding process. The melt flow rate of the PEEK resin was measured to reveal its rheological behavior and guide the selection of the molding process parameters of the composite. The tensile properties of the composites were determined. The results revealed that the rheological properties of the resin manifested through the melt viscosity, which was more sensitive to pressure changes than to temperature changes. The tensile properties of the composites were affected by two competitive mechanisms. First, increases of molding temperature and duration time could facilitate the infiltration of the resin into the fiber fabric and improve the internal quality and tensile properties of the composite. Second, an excessively high molding temperature and long duration time could decrease the strength of the polyimide fiber, thereby reducing the tensile properties of the composites.
Funding source: Research Startup Program of Donghua University
Award Identifier / Grant number: 285-07-005702
Acknowledgements
Thanks are due to Dr. Lei Liu and Dr. Li Wei for their help with the measurement and characterization.
-
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Research funding: The authors are grateful for the financial support from Research Startup Program of Donghua University (285-07-005702).
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could influence the work reported in this article.
References
1. Ahmed, T. J., Stavrov, D., Bersee, H. E. N., Beukersand, A. Induction welding of thermoplastic composites – an overview. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2006, 10, 1638–1651; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.10.009.Search in Google Scholar
2. Park, J. M., Kim, D. S. The influence of crystallinity on interfacial properties of carbon and SiC two-fiber/polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites. Polym. Compos. 2000, 5, 789–797; https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.10233.Search in Google Scholar
3. Gonzalez, D. G., Millan, M. R., Rusinek, A., Arias, A. Low temperature effect on impact energy absorption capability of PEEK composites. Compos. Struct. 2015, 134, 440–449; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.090.Search in Google Scholar
4. Ma, C. C. M., Lee, C. L., Chang, M. J., Tai, N. H. Hygrothermal behavior of carbon fiber reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) and poly(phenylene) composites. Polym. Compos. 1992, 6, 448–453; https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130608.Search in Google Scholar
5. Avanzini, A., Donzella, G., Gallina, D., Pandini, S., Petrogalli, C. Fatigue behavior and cyclic damage of PEEK short fiber reinforced composites. Compos. B Eng. 2013, 1, 397–406; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.06.008.Search in Google Scholar
6. Fujihara, K., Huang, Z. M., Ramakrishna, S., Hamada, H. Influence of processing conditions on bending property of continuous carbon fiber reinforced PEEK composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2004, 16, 2525–2534; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.05.014.Search in Google Scholar
7. Ning, H., Pillay, S., Vaidya, U. K. Design and development of thermoplastic composite roof door for mass transit bus. Mater. Des. 2009, 4, 983–991; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.06.066.Search in Google Scholar
8. Li, N., Chen, J. L., Liu, H. S., Dong, A. Q., Wang, K., Zhao, Y. Effect of preheat treatment on carbon fiber surface properties and fiber/PEEK interfacial behavior. Polym. Compos. 2019, 40, 1407–1415; https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25020.Search in Google Scholar
9. Duan, Q., Deegan, B., Byrne, L., Scarselli, G., Ivankovic, A., Murphy, N. Rapid surface activation of carbon fibre reinforced PEEK and PPS composites by high-power UV-irradiation for the adhesive joining of dissimilar materials. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2020, 137, 105976.10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.105976Search in Google Scholar
10. Chen, J. L., Wang, K., Zhao, Y. Enhanced interfacial interactions of carbon fiber reinforced PEEK composites by regulating PEI and graphene oxide complex sizing at the interface. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2018, 154, 175–186; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.11.005.Search in Google Scholar
11. Chen, J. L., Wang, K., Dong, A. Q., Li, X. K., Fan, X., Zhao, Y. A comprehensive study on controlling the porosity of CCF300/PEEK composites by optimizing the impregnation parameters. Polym. Compos. 2017, 10, 3765–3779; https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.24407.Search in Google Scholar
12. Chanteli, A., Bandaru, A. K., Peeters, D., O’Higgins, R. M., Weaver, P. M. Influence of repass treatment on carbon fibre-reinforced PEEK composites manufactured using laser-assisted automatic tape placement. Compos. Struct. 2020, 248, 112539; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112539.Search in Google Scholar
13. Stepashkin, A. A., Chukov, D. I., Senatov, F. S., Salimon, A. I., Korsunsky, A. M., Kaloshkin, S. D. 3D-printed PEEK-carbon fiber (CF) composites: structure and thermal properties. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2018, 164, 319–326; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.05.032.Search in Google Scholar
14. Xu, Z. P., Zhang, M., Gao, S. H., Wang, G. B., Zhang, S. L., Luan, J. S. Study on mechanical properties of unidirectional continuous carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK composites fabricated by the wrapped yarn method. Polym. Compos. 2019, 1, 56–69; https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.24600.Search in Google Scholar
15. Gao, X. P., Huang, Z. G., Zhou, H. M., Li, D. Q., Li, Y., Wang, Y. M. Higher mechanical performances of CF/PEEK composite laminates via reducing interlayer porosity based on the affinity of functional s-PEEK. Polym. Compos. 2019, 9, 3749–3757; https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25236.Search in Google Scholar
16. Bismarck, A., Hofmeler, M., Doerner, G. Effect of hot water immersion on the performance of carbon reinforced unidirectional poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) composites: stress rupture under end-loaded bending. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2007, 2, 407–426; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.03.004.Search in Google Scholar
17. Niu, H. Q., Qi, S. L., Han, E. L., Tian, G. F., Wang, X. D., Wu, D. Z. Fabrication of high-performance copolyimide fibers from 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, p-phenylenediamine and 2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinone. Mater. Lett. 2012, 89, 63–65; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.08.088.Search in Google Scholar
18. Cheng, Y., Dong, J., Yang, C. R., Wu, T. T., Zhao, X., Zhang, Q. H. Synthesis of poly(benzobisoxazole-co-imide) and fabrication of high-performance fibers. Polymer 2017, 133, 50–59; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.015.Search in Google Scholar
19. Bhuvana, S., Devi, M. S. Bisphenol containing novel polyimides/glass fiber composites. Polym. Compos. 2007, 3, 372–380; https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.20269.Search in Google Scholar
20. Niu, H. Q., Huang, M. J., Qi, S. L., Han, E. L., Tian, G. F., Wang, X. D., Wu, D. Z. High-performance copolyimide fibers containing quinazolinone moiety: preparation, structure and properties. Polymer 2013, 6, 1700–1708; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2013.01.047.Search in Google Scholar
21. Sun, M., Chang, J. J., Tian, G. F., Niu, H. Q., Wu, D. Z. Preparation of high-performance polyimide fibers containing benzimidazole and benzoxazole units. J. Mater. Sci. 2016, 6, 2830–2840; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9591-y.Search in Google Scholar
22. Yan, X. N., Zhang, M. Y., Qi, S. L., Tian, G. F., Niu, H. Q., Wu, D. Z. A high-performance aromatic co-polyimide fiber: structure and property relationship during gradient thermal annealing. J. Mater. Sci. 2018, 3, 2193–2207; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1552-1.Search in Google Scholar
23. Sun, X. Y., Bu, J. F., Liu, W. W., Niu, H. Q., Qi, S. L., Tian, G. F., Wu, D. Z. Surface modification of polyimide fibers by oxygen plasma treatment and interfacial adhesion behavior of a polyimide fiber/epoxy composite. Sci. Eng. Compos. Mater. 2017, 4, 477–484; https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2015-0092.Search in Google Scholar
24. Stephen, C., Shivamurthy, B., Mourad, A. H. I., Selvam, R. High-velocity impact behavior of hybrid fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. 2021, 43, 431; https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-021-03139-6.Search in Google Scholar
25. Safamanesh, A., Mousavi, S. M., Khosravi, H., Tohidlou, E. On the low-velocity and high-velocity impact behaviors of aramid fiber/epoxy composites containing modified-graphene oxide. Polym. Compos. 2020, 42, e25851; https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25851.Search in Google Scholar
26. Liu, H. B., Liu, J., Ding, Y. Z., Zheng, J., Kong, X. S., Zhou, J., Harper, L., Blackman, B. R. K., Kinloch, A. J., Dear, J. P. The behaviour of thermoplastic and thermoset carbon fibre composites subjected to low-velocity and high-velocity impact. J. Mater. Sci. 2020, 55, 15741–15768; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05133-0.Search in Google Scholar
27. Wagner, T., Heimbs, S., Franke, F., Burger, U., Middendorf, P. Experimental and numerical assessment of aerospace grade composites based on high-velocity impact experiments. Compos. Struct. 2018, 204, 142–152; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.07.019.Search in Google Scholar
28. Shenoy, A. V., Saini, D. R. Effects of temperature on the flow of copolymer melts. Mater. Chem. Phys. 1988, 1–2, 123–130; https://doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(88)90005-3.Search in Google Scholar
29. Ramgobin, A., Fontaine, G., Bourbigot, S. Oxygen concentration and modeling thermal decomposition of a high performance materials: a case study of polyimide (Cirlex). Polym. Adv. Technol. 2020, 2, 1–13; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12071577.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Supplementary Material
The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2022-0064).
© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Effect of nanodiamond particles on the structure, mechanical, and thermal properties of polymer embedded ND/PMMA composites
- A comparative investigation on wear characteristics of polymer and biopolymer gears
- Unsaturated polyester resin modified with a novel reactive flame retardant: effects on thermal stability and flammability
- Recent progress on the morphology and thermal cycle of phase change materials (PCMs)/conductive filler composites: a mini review
- Effect of tiny amount of DMC on thermal, mechanical, optical, and water resistance properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)
- Vibration and tribological properties of epoxy-granite composites used as novel foundations for machine elements
- Effect of lyocell fiber cross-sectional shape on structure and properties of lyocell/PLA composites
- Engineering and processing
- Quality prediction and control of thin-walled shell injection molding based on GWO-PSO, ACO-BP, and NSGA-II
- Doubly modified MWCNTs embedded in polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane and its anti-fouling performance
- Solid-state extrusion of polymers using simple shear deformation
- Molding process and properties of polyimide-fiber-fabric-reinforced polyether ether ketone composites
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Effect of nanodiamond particles on the structure, mechanical, and thermal properties of polymer embedded ND/PMMA composites
- A comparative investigation on wear characteristics of polymer and biopolymer gears
- Unsaturated polyester resin modified with a novel reactive flame retardant: effects on thermal stability and flammability
- Recent progress on the morphology and thermal cycle of phase change materials (PCMs)/conductive filler composites: a mini review
- Effect of tiny amount of DMC on thermal, mechanical, optical, and water resistance properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)
- Vibration and tribological properties of epoxy-granite composites used as novel foundations for machine elements
- Effect of lyocell fiber cross-sectional shape on structure and properties of lyocell/PLA composites
- Engineering and processing
- Quality prediction and control of thin-walled shell injection molding based on GWO-PSO, ACO-BP, and NSGA-II
- Doubly modified MWCNTs embedded in polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane and its anti-fouling performance
- Solid-state extrusion of polymers using simple shear deformation
- Molding process and properties of polyimide-fiber-fabric-reinforced polyether ether ketone composites