Joint formation mechanism of different laser transmission welding paths

Hao Wang; Pin Li; Xiao Wang; Wei Xu; HuiXia Liu

doi:10.1515/polyeng-2021-0260

Article

Joint formation mechanism of different laser transmission welding paths

Hao Wang , Pin Li , Xiao Wang , Wei Xu and HuiXia Liu

Published/Copyright: May 12, 2022

Published by

Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Submit Manuscript Author Information

From the journal Journal of Polymer Engineering Volume 42 Issue 7

Abstract

In this study, the rectilinear, sine, and spiral paths of polymer transmission welding were used to perform welding comparative experiments, and the influence of various parameters in the polymer transmission welding of different laser paths on the joint performance and the formation of molten pool was discussed. The spiral path exhibited the highest joint strength, that increased by more than 50% compared with conventional rectilinear welding. The molten pool formed by spiral welding had a high depth-to-width ratio. Microscope observations revealed that the glass fiber flow signs in the molten pool were obvious, the glass fiber in the molten pool was abundant, and the bubble generation rate in the molten pool was lower. In this paper, Fortran language was used to construct Gaussian body heat source movement model with different paths. Results show that the spiral welding had higher welding stability than traditional rectilinear welding, welding defects caused by the lack of heat in the previous period can be properly compensated by selecting the appropriate welding period, Therefore, good joint performance can be achieved. In addition, amplitude and period are two important process parameters of spiral welding, and their sizes have important effects on joint strength and molten pool formation

Keywords: bubble; laser transmission welding; polymer; temperature field; volumetric heat source; welding paths

Corresponding author: Xiao Wang, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Street 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, China, E-mail: wx@ujs.edu.cn

Hao Wang and Pin Li contributed equally to this work.

Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China

Award Identifier / Grant number: 51675241

Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: The work reported in this paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 51675241).
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

1. Elrefaey, A., Janczak-Rusch, J., Koebel, M. M. Direct glass-to-metal joining by simultaneous anodic bonding and soldering with activated liquid tin solder. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2014, 214, 2716–2722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.06.006.Search in Google Scholar

2. Bappa, A. State-of-art review of laser irradiation strategies applied to laser transmission welding of polymers. Opt Laser. Technol. 2021, 137, 106737.10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106737Search in Google Scholar

3. Hopmann, C., Weber, M., Schngart, M., Sooriyapiragasam, S., Dahlmann, R. Improvement of bonding properties of laser transmission welded, dissimilar thermoplastics by plasma surface treatment. In Proceedings of 30th International Conference of the Polymer –Processing-Society (PPS), Cleveland, Oh. Jun 6–12, 2014.10.1063/1.4918498Search in Google Scholar

4. Bappa, A. Laser transmission welding of polymers – a review on process fundamentals, material attributes, weldability, and welding techniques. J. Manuf. Process. 2020, 60, 227–246.10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.10.017Search in Google Scholar

5. Bappa, A., Dipten, D. M., Dipankar, B. Optimal process design for laser transmission welding of acrylics using desirability function analysis and overlay contour plots. Int. J. Manuf. Res. 2011, 6, 49–61.10.1504/IJMR.2011.037913Search in Google Scholar

6. Bappa, A., Arunanshu, S. K., Souren, M., Dipten, M. Laser transmission welding of polycarbonates: experiments, modeling, and sensitivity analysis. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 2015, 78, 853–861.10.1007/s00170-014-6693-7Search in Google Scholar

7. Kim, D., Jeon, I., Park, H., Seo, K. Modification of polypropylene for improving the laser transmission weldability to polycarbonate. Polym.-Korea 2013, 37, 753–763. https://doi.org/10.7317/pk.2013.37.6.753.Search in Google Scholar

8. Huixia, L., Yingjie, J., Wensheng, T., Guochun, C., Wei, L., Xiao, W. The study of laser transmission joining PA66 and PVC with large compatibility difference. J. Manuf. Process. 2017, 26, 252–261.10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.02.024Search in Google Scholar

9. Bappa, A., Arunanshu, S. K., Souren, M., Dipten, M. Selection of process parameters for optimizing the weld strength in laser transmission welding of acrylics. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B-J. Eng. Manuf. 2010, 224, 1529–1536.10.1243/09544054JEM1854Search in Google Scholar

10. Ranjan, A., Chakraborty, S., Kumar, D., Bose, D. An investigation on surfactant added PMWEDM of Inconel 718. Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng. 2020, 17, 8140–8149. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.17.3.2020.07.0611.Search in Google Scholar

11. Rao, R. V., Savsani, V. J., Vakharia, D. P. Teaching–learning-based optimization: a novel method for constrained mechanical design optimization problems. Comput.-Aided Des. 2011, 43, 303–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2010.12.015.Search in Google Scholar

12. Bappa, A., Debanjan, M., Arunanshu, S. K. Parameters optimisation of transmission laser welding of dissimilar plastics using RSM and flower pollination algorithm integrated approach. Int. J. Math. Model. Numer. Optim. 2017, 8, 1–22.10.1504/IJMMNO.2017.083656Search in Google Scholar

13. Bappa, A., Arunanshu, S. K., Souren, M., Dipten, M. Study of laser transmission welding process using a volumetric heat source model and experimental analysis. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on CARs & FoF, IN, 2016.Search in Google Scholar

14. Bappa, A. 3-D FE heat transfer simulation of quasi-simultaneous laser transmission welding of thermoplastics. J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 2019, 41, 466.10.1007/s40430-019-1969-3Search in Google Scholar

15. Bappa, A., Arunanshu, S. K., Souren, M., Dipten, M. Finite element simulation of laser transmission thermoplastic welding of circular contour using a moving heat source. Int. J. Syst. Sci. 2013, 6, 437–454.10.1504/IJMMS.2013.058522Search in Google Scholar

16. Vincent, M., Konstantin, H., Kerstin, S., Tobias, W., Stephan, S., Jan, H., Simon, H., Lisa, L., Stephan, R., Michael, S. Influence of oscillation frequency and focal diameter on weld pool geometry and temperature field in laser beam welding of high strength steels. In Proceedings of the 10th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies: Furth, GER, 2018: pp. 470–474.10.1016/j.procir.2018.08.148Search in Google Scholar

17. Giuseppe, B., Francesco, C., Massimo, M., Antonio, R., Gabriele, L. Welding of automotive aluminum alloys by laser wobbling processing. Mater. Sci. Forum 2017, 879, 1057–1062.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.879.1057Search in Google Scholar

18. Cenigaonaindia, A., Liébana, F., Lamikiz, A., Echegoyen, Z. Novel strategies for laser joining of polyamide and AISI 304. Phys. Procedia 2012, 39, 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.10.018.Search in Google Scholar

19. Yun, L., Hengchang, B., Hongyan, Y., Gang, L., Jianan, Y., Xiaohong, Z. Effect of laser heat input on the interface morphology during laser joining of CFRTP and 6061 aluminum alloy. J. Manuf. Process. 2020, 50, 366–379.10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.12.023Search in Google Scholar

20. Florian, F., Martin, S., Rudolf, W., Jan-Philipp, W., Thomas, G. Reduction of pores by means of laser beam oscillation during remote welding of AlMgSi. Opt. Lasers Eng. 2018, 10, 68–77.10.1016/j.optlaseng.2018.04.012Search in Google Scholar

21. Junke, J., Yiyun, Y., Shaohui, J., Zifa, X., Wentai, O. Y., Wenwu, Z. CFRTP -Al alloy laser assisted joining with a high speed rotational welding technology. Opt Laser. Technol. 2020, 127, 10618.10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106187Search in Google Scholar

22. Bappa, A. Laser transmission welding of polymers – a review on welding parameters, quality attributes, process monitoring, and applications. J. Manuf. Process. 2021, 64, 421–443.10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.022Search in Google Scholar

23. Dhiraj, K., Niladri, S. S., Bappa, A., Shekhar, K. A. Beam wobbling effects on laser transmission welding of dissimilar polymers: experiments, modeling, and process optimization. Opt Laser. Technol. 2022, 146, 107603.10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107603Search in Google Scholar

24. Ming, G., Wei, L., Cong, C. Improving the interfacial bonding strength of dissimilar PA66 plastic and 304 stainless steel by oscillating laser beam. Opt Laser. Technol. 2021, 138, 106869.10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106869Search in Google Scholar

25. Upasana, S., Shrikrishna, N. J. Numerical modelling and simulation of microchannel fabrication on polycarbonate using Laser-Induced Plasma Assisted Ablation (LIPAA). Optik 2020, 223, 165379.10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165379Search in Google Scholar

26. Bappa, A., Kuar, A. S., Souren, M., Dipten, M. Modeling and analysis of simultaneous laser transmission welding of polycarbonates using an FEM and RSM combined approach. Opt Laser. Technol. 2011, 44, 995–1006.10.1016/j.optlastec.2011.10.018Search in Google Scholar

27. Min, Z., Yulan, Z., Huang, C., Qiaoling, C., Wenhui, Z., Jihong, L. Simulation of temperature distribution and microstructure evolution in the molten pool of GTAW Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Materials 2018, 11, 2288–2303.10.3390/ma11112288Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

28. Shujun, Z., Hengchang, B., Qiyu, G., Weihua, L., Xiaohong, Z. Effect of power distribution on the temperature evolution in laser-MIG hybrid welding for Q235 Steel. Mod. Phys. Lett. B 2019, 33, 1950405.10.1142/S0217984919504050Search in Google Scholar

29. Hong, Y., Qing, G., Wen, L., Shu, D. New general double ellipsoid heat source model. Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 2005, 10, 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1179/174329305x40705.Search in Google Scholar

30. Wei, L., Dongdong, M., Cailian, F., Pin L., Ye, C., YanWei, W., HuiXia, L. Optical properties of nylon 66 welded by laser transmission. Laser Technol. 2016, 40, 716–721.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2021-09-05

Accepted: 2022-03-14

Published Online: 2022-05-12

Published in Print: 2022-08-26

You are currently not able to access this content.

Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2021-0260

Keywords for this article

bubble; laser transmission welding; polymer; temperature field; volumetric heat source; welding paths